Review Emission of volatile organic compounds from composting: A review on assessment, treatment and perspectives Kondusamy Dhamodharan a , Vempalli Sudharsan Varma a , Chitraichamy Veluchamy b , Arivalagan Pugazhendhi c, ⁎, Karthik Rajendran d a Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India b School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus, Ontario, Canada c Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam d Department of Environmental Science, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522 502, India HIGHLIGHTS • Plausible VOC emission treatment are biofiltration, trickling filter and bioscrubbing. • Factors affecting the VOC emissions dur- ing composting were identified. • Predictive models help in better under- standing of VOC emissions from composting. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT abstract article info Article history: Received 31 May 2019 Received in revised form 28 July 2019 Accepted 1 August 2019 Available online 05 August 2019 Editor: Huu Hao Ngo Composting is a sustainable technology in treating organic pollutants and controlling odorous gas emissions from different organic solid waste, by reducing its size and volume. When the process parameters are handled effi- ciently, composting process is greatly effective than other waste treatment options in terms of operational costs, income generation out of compost, reduced air and water pollution. The successful composting operation does not count only the final product, but also the odorous gas emissions being released off to the atmosphere. Biofiltration is a relatively successful air treatment technology for polluted gases containing biodegradable com- pounds. By optimizing and focusing the operational parameters of biofiltration technology, 90% of treatment ef- ficiency could be achieved with more economical advantage compared to other air treatment technologies. However, the complexity and the uncertainty measures in operating the system and understanding the process biodegradation mechanism is very crucial for the successful performance. Therefore, this review focusses and provides an assessment and treatment of different odorous gas emissions emitted during the composting pro- cesses. The recent advancements and treatment options for various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other odorous gas emissions during composting is updated. The advancements in bio-trickling filters, Keywords: Composting VOCs & Odorous gas emissions Biological treatment methods Models EIA Science of the Total Environment 695 (2019) 133725 ⁎ Corresponding author at: Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. E-mail address: arivalagan.pugazhendhi@tdtu.edu.vn (A. Pugazhendhi). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133725 0048-9697/© 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Science of the Total Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scitotenv