Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Introduction The increase in morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes as well as due to other chronic diseases, maybe due to unhealthy Western-style diets and decline in physical activity which are known to predispose chronic low- grade infammation. 1–7 Approximately 50% of mortality due to non- communicable diseases(NCD) has been attributed to an unhealthy diet in all the six continents of the world by the UNO and WHO. 1–7 These changes in diet and lifestyle are associated with obesity, central obesity and metabolic syndrome(MS) which predispose increased risk of NCDs. The possible mechanisms are oxidative stress, defciency in antioxidant status, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and increase in infammation in the endothelial cells, beta cells of pancreas, neurons and hepatocytes leading to CVDs and other chronic diseases. 4–7 Cohort studies and randomized trials confrm that Indo-Mediterranean foods such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, seeds and nuts in conjunction with olive oil, rapeseed oil or a blend of oils may be protective against NCDs. 6–12 It seems that food diversity along with a nutrient profle of foods is the basic principle of functional food security (Figure 1). Cohort studies have also demonstrated that control of under nutrition and hunger by increased supplementation with western type foods has been associated with a decline in under nutrition but with the rapid emergence of NCDs. 1–3,6,7 In most developing countries, including India, under nutrition is still common and one- MOJ Public Health. 2020;9(1):18‒25. 18 ©2020 Singh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. Effects of millet based functional foods rich diet on coronary risk factors among subjects with diabetes mellitus: a single arm real world observation from hospital registry Volume 9 Issue 1 - 2020 Ram B Singh, 1 Jan Fedacko, 2 Viliam Mojto, 3 Adrian Isaza, 4 Mira Dewi, 5 Shaw Watanabe, 6 Anil Chauhan, 7 Ghizal Fatima, 8 Kumar Kartikey, 1 Ahmad Sulaeman 5 1 Halberg Hospital and Research Institute, India 2 PJ Safaric University, Slovakia 3 Comenius University, Slovakia 4 Everglade University, USA 5 Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Indonesia 6 Life Science Institute, Japan 7 Department of Food Science and Technology, Banaras Hindu University, India 8 Department of Biotechnology, ERA Medical College, India Correspondence: Ram B Singh, Halberg Hospital and Research Institute, Moradabad, India, Tel 919997794102, Email Received: December 12, 2019 | Published: February 12, 2020 Abstract Introduction: Diabetes mellitus has become a global public health problem, characterized by increased intake of western style diets and decline in physical activities which are pro- infammatory. Food diversity, nutrient profle, glycemic index and lower content of salt sugar and Tran’s fat are an important consideration for a healthy anti-infammatory diet which may be advised for prevention of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This clinical observation aims to examine the effects of a millets based functional food rich intervention diet on coronary risk factors among subjects with known diabetes. Method: After permission from the review board of a hospital, hospital records of 65 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus were drawn for this study. Of 65 patients with diabetes, 5 were excluded and remaining 60 were administered millet-based functional food rich intervention diet (millets 60%, soya bean 20%, brown rice 10%, peanuts 8% and fex seeds 2%). Clinical data, dietary intakes and physical activity were assessed by validated questionnaires. Blood pressures were measured by sphygmomanometer. Result: Treatment with millet based intervention diet for 12 weeks was associated with a signifcant decline in fasting and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c indicating that this diet can prevent diabetes. Total cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides showed a signifcant decline compared to baseline levels. Pro-infammatory cytokines; C-reactive proteins, TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 also showed signifcant reduction after treatment with intervention diet compared to baseline levels. In association with these changes, there was a signifcant decline in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, parameters of oxidative stress; TBARS, MDA and diene conjugates with an increase in antioxidant vitamins; A,E and C and beta-carotene. Underlying these changes, all subjects received an 11 fold greater amount of millet-based intervention diet which increased from mean 21.36±3.8g/ day to 235.20±23.6 (p<0001).Among females (n=33), there was a signifcant increase in hemoglobin and serum calcium and magnesium indicating that millet based diet can also prevent under nutrition. Conclusion: It is possible that millet-based intervention diet can cause a signifcant decline in blood glucose, HbA1c, oxidative stress, blood pressures, blood lipoproteins and pro- infammatory cytokines with an increase in antioxidant vitamins, magnesium, calcium and hemoglobin. Randomized, controlled intervention trials, would be necessary to confrm our fndings. Keywords: hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, cytokines, nutrition, infammation, whole grains MOJ Public Health Research Article Open Access