Volume 9 • Issue 4 • 1000728 J Food Process Technol, an open access journal ISSN: 2157-7110 Open Access Research Article Journal of Food Processing & Technology J o u r n a l o f F o o d P r o c e s s i n g & T e c h n o l o g y ISSN: 2157-7110 De et al., J Food Process Technol 2018, 9:4 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7110.1000728 *Corresponding author: Debasis De, ICAR-Kakdwip Research Centre of Central Institute of Brackish Water Aquaculture, Kakdwip, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal-743 347, India, Tel: +9144-24618817; Fax: +9144-24610311; E-mail: debasiskrc@yahoo.com Received March 16, 2018; Accepted April 06, 2018; Published April 13, 2018 Citation: De D, Ghoshal TK, Biswas G, Mukherjee S, Kumar S, et al. (2018) Evaluation of Growth Performance in Mugil cephalus l. Juveniles Fed Diets Incorporated with Fermented Plant Feedstuffs Replacing Fishmeal or Diets Supplemented with Fish Gut Bacteria. J Food Process Technol 9: 728. doi: 10.4172/2157-7110.1000728 Copyright: © 2018 De D, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate utilization of fermented ingredients for replacing fsh meal and examine the effcacy of live bacterial supplement in diets of Mugil cephalus juveniles. The experiment had six treatment groups (I, II, III, IV, V and VI) of M. cephalus juveniles (0.12 ± 0.001 g) with triplicate. A control diet (group I) was prepared with plant feedstuffs (wheat four, rice bran, mustard cake) and fsh meal. For other diets, plant feedstuffs (rice bran, mustard cake, sunfower cake, sesame cake, azolla meal, leucaena leaf meal) were fermented with two gut bacteria i.e., Bacillus sp. DDKRC1., Bacillus subtilis DDKRC5., isolated from Lates calcarifer and Chanos Chanos, respectively. Diets for groups II, III, IV and V were formulated with fermented ingredients replacing 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of fsh meal by weight. Diet for group VI was prepared by supplementing the control feed with mixture of Bacillus subtilis DDKRC5 and Bacillus sp. DDKRC1, (1:1) at 1% (v/w) of feed. The Diets were offered twice daily for a period of six weeks. Supplementation of live bacterial mixture with control diet could improve (P<0.01) nutrient digestibility, growth rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein effciency ratio (PER),body protein and lipid content and immune response and fermented ingredients could replace 75% of fsh meal in diet of M. cephalus without affecting growth rate, FCR, PER, survival, body protein and lipid content and hematological indices. Evaluation of Growth Performance in Mugil cephalus l. Juveniles Fed Diets Incorporated with Fermented Plant Feedstuffs Replacing Fishmeal or Diets Supplemented with Fish Gut Bacteria De D 1,2 *, Ghoshal TK 1 , Biswas G 1 , Mukherjee S 1 , Kumar S 2 , Anand PSS 2 , Raja RA 2 and Vijayan KK 2 1 ICAR-Kakdwip Research Centre of Central Institute of Brackish Water Aquaculture, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India 2 ICAR-Central Institute of Brackish Water Aquaculture, Chennai, India Keywords: Mugil cephalus; Fish meal; Fermented ingredients; Growth; Digestibility; Bacterial supplement; Plant ingredients Introduction Global aquafeed production is expected to increase over 80 million tons by 2020 [1]. Tis development shows a trend towards intensifcation of aquaculture and dependency on formulated aquafeed. Fish meal is a major ingredient in aquafeed to meet up high protein requirement of fsh. Because of high cost and uncertainty in supply of good quality fsh meal, present research is more focused to fnd out some alternative plant protein sources for replacing it in fsh diets [2,3] to minimize the dependency on fshmeal and reduce the cost of formulated feeds. Notable emphasis was put on the use of diferent plant protein sources which are not directly usable for human consumption [4]. But these alternative plant protein sources are low in protein and rich in fbre and being monogastric animal, fsh cannot efciently utilize fbre rich plant ingredients. In addition to that, these plant proteins are defcient in certain essential amino acids, minerals and contain anti-nutritional factors and complex carbohydrates [5,6]. Several strategies are available to optimally utilize the plant feedstuf to reduce the dependence on fsh meal. Solid state fermentation (SSF) is an ideal approach for the utilization of plant protein sources for animal [7-9]. As cellulolytic microbes are capable of breaking complex ligno- cellulosic bonds present in the cell wall of plant protein ingredients, those microorganisms can be cultivated on agro-industrial products with production of large amounts of cells rich in proteins that commonly contain all the essential amino acids, in addition to favourably high vitamin and mineral levels [10]. Another approach to increase the nutrient utilization of plant protein-based diet is the supplementation of live bacterial supplement with diet [11]. Supplementation of benefcial bacteria improves enzyme activity, feed digestibility and feed utilization, health and performance in aquatic animals [12-14]. Bacillus has been widely used as potential probiotics [15-18] since they secrete a variety of antimicrobial compounds and exoenzymes [19,20]. Grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) is a reasonably signifcant aquaculture species contributing to a quite large fsheries of estuarine and coastal regions in many countries such as China [21], Egypt, [22,23] India [24-26], Israel [27] Italy [28], New Zealand [29], Nigeria [30], Sri Lanka [31], Taiwan [32,33], Tunisia [34] etc.. Formulated feed for this species has been developed by Central Institute of Brackish Water Aquaculture using locally available feed ingredients, fsh meal and is being used for culture [35]. To make the feed more cost-efective attempt has been made to reduce fsh meal content of the feed using fermented plant ingredients. Potential cellulolytic (Bacillus sp. DDKRC1) and amylolytic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis DDKRC5), isolated from the gut of brackish water fsh, were used for fermentation of plant ingredients. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of these nutrients enriched plant protein ingredients to replace fsh meal in diet of grey mullet and to compare the efcacy of approaches for using bacterial culture (Bacillus sp. DDKRC1. and Bacillus subtilis DDKRC5.), either for fermentation or as feed supplement (probiotics), for better utilization of fbre rich plant ingredients in diet of grey mullet. Materials and Methods Te present study on replacement of fsh meal with fermented ingredients and the efect of cellulolytic and amylolytic gut bacteria as a feed supplement on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activity of grey mullet, M. cephalus,