Vol. 14 No. 2 DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v14i2.2022.114-121 ISSN: 1829 - 7285 E-ISSN: 2040 - 881X 114 Corresponding Author: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN ONLINE MOTORCYCLE TAXI DRIVERS IN THE SPECIAL CAPITAL REGION OF JAKARTA Meithyra Melviana Simatupang 1 *, Erna Veronika 2 , Ahmad Irfandi 2 , Rahmi Garmini 3 1 Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Respati Indonesia, East Jakarta 13890, Indonesia 2 Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Esa Unggul, West Jakarta 11510, Indonesia 3 Environmental Health Study Program, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan dan Teknologi Muhammadiyah Palembang, Palembang 30262, Indonesia Article Info Submitted : 18 February 2022 In reviewed : 1 March 2022 Accepted : 11 April 2022 Available Online : 30 April 2022 Keywords : Environmental health risk assessment, Online motorcycle taxi driver, O 3 , PM 10 Published by Faculty of Public Health Universitas Airlangga Abstract Introduction: Online motorcycle taxi drivers spend most of their time outside as either driving or waiting for their customers. Therefore, chances of exposure to various air pollutants are higher and may cause various health problems, especially the respiratory problems. Methods: This is a descriptive study that used the Environmental Health Risk Analysis method to estimate the Risk Quotient (RQ) from exposure to PM 10 , SO 2 , CO, O 3 , and NO 2 in drivers. The RQ was calculated based on exposure concentrations from the Special Capital Region of Jakarta Environment Agency; daily working hours, working days in a year, and working period obtained from interviews; additionally, body weight measurement, reference concentration (RfC), and the default value of inhalation intake were also collected. The population of this study was adult online motorcycle taxi drivers who operate around areas which become the air quality measurement stations in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta with a total sample of 81 people. Results and Discussion: The RQ for all minimum, average, and maximum concentrations of SO 2 , CO, and NO 2 were <1. While for the average and maximum concentrations of PM 10 and the maximum concentration of O 3 , the RQ was >1. The safe concentrations, work duration, and the number of working days also surpassed the maximum safety limit levels. Conclusion: PM 10 and O 3 ambient exposures are categorized unsafe for drivers. Environmental health eforts are necessary to reduce the concentration of air pollutants, and the guidelines to reduce pollutants exposure should be provided for drivers. ORIGINAL RESEARCH Open Access *) meithyra@urindo.ac.id INTRODUCTION The Indonesian population is estimated to reach 305,652,400 people by 2035. The rise of industrial development and transportation advancement have continuously developed. In 2012, the number of cars in this country increased by 1.3 million units per year, and the number of motorcycles doubled (1). These various motorized vehicles emit air pollution to their surroundings. At once, contaminate the ambient air with industrial exhaust or another source of air pollution. Hence, vehicle emissions remain climate and public health issues even after air pollution policies have been implemented (1−2). High levels of air pollution can cause various environmental, wildlife, and human health problems, especially for people who are constantly on the road (3). The drivers of public transportation are one of the groups considered vulnerable to these impacts (4). The increased activity of motor vehicles is driven by needs for transportation. Online motorcycle taxis, known as “ojek online”, contribute to the increase in the number of motor vehicles that alternatively facilitates community mobility. There were approximately 4 million online motorcycle taxi drivers in Indonesia based on data in 2020, and 25% of them worked in the Jabodetabek area (5). The number of online motorcycle taxi drivers has increased in recent years. However, there are no ofcial occupational health guidelines despite being vulnerable to health risks. Based on the Indonesian Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Trafc and Transportation, drivers of public motor vehicles should only work for a maximum Cite this as : Simatupang MM, Veronika E, Irfandi A, Garmini R. Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Air Pollutants in Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan. 2022;14(2):114–121. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v14i2.2022.114-121