Migration management and mobility pathways for
Filipino migrants to New Zealand
Wardlow Friesen
School of Environment, The University of Auckland.
Email: w.friesen@auckland.ac.nz
Abstract: There has been an increasing focus on migration management by academics and policy makers,
especially in relation to temporary and transitional forms of mobility. This paper considers the acceleration of
Filipino migration to New Zealand in recent years, partly driven by changing policies allowing migrants to transition
from student and work visas to permanent residence. It outlines the history of Filipino migration to New Zealand, the
roles of the Philippines and New Zealand governments and intermediaries in migration management and the nature
of student, temporary work and permanent residence migration. The transitional pathways used by Filipino migrants
are analysed in relation to the influence of skills and educational characteristics in creating opportunities for some
and vulnerability for others.
Keywords: migrant transitions, migration management, migration policy, New Zealand, Philippines
Introduction
In recent years, academics and migration policy
makers have increased their focus on migration
management by governments and migration
intermediaries, especially in relation to
temporary and transitional forms of mobility
(Geiger and Pécoud, 2010; Collyer and King,
2014). This paper considers the case of Filipino
migration to New Zealand, which has
accelerated considerably in the twenty-first
century. The Philippines is one of the most
significant sources of migrants globally,
especially for those on temporary work permits,
while New Zealand, a relatively small country,
has one of the most proactive immigration
policies of countries in the Global North. The
role of government policy in both countries has
been an important element in the fact that
Filipinos are the most rapidly growing migrant
population in New Zealand, with most of this
growth occurring in the last 10 years. In many
countries, migration management has become
an increasingly important tool in matching
migrant inflows with labour force demands,
and this has resulted in both the acceleration
of migrant numbers and the diversification of
the types of visas and other mechanisms of
control. This paper explores this phenomenon
in the Philippines–New Zealand context in
terms of the characteristics of different types of
migrants, and the ways in which government
policies in the sending and receiving countries
have been instrumental in these changes, and
their outcomes. It uses empirical data and other
evidence to elaborate on the diversification of
migrant types, increased fluidity of migration
pathways and migrant vulnerabilities specific
to these two countries and also to contribute to
the theoretical debate around the nature and
context of migration management globally.
Global mobilities, migration management and
migrant vulnerabilities
The migration of Filipinos to New Zealand in
recent years must be considered within the
context of recent global mobility trends.
Perhaps the most prominent of these is the
acceleration of mobility in terms of the numbers
of migrants moving between countries, and the
diversification of migrant types and governmental
policies which facilitate, regulate or inhibit these
movements (Hugo, 2012). While accelerated
global mobility has sometimes been lauded as
part of a trajectory towards ‘migration without
borders’ as an aspect of globalisation, the reality
is much more complex. Nation states have
typically had a central role in the movement of
Asia Pacific Viewpoint 2017
ISSN 1360-7456
© 2017 Victoria University of Wellington and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd doi: 10.1111/apv.12168