Electrical Engineering
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-020-00986-9
ORIGINAL PAPER
Reactive power market clearing mechanism considering new clearing
constraints: a separate clearing approach
Elahe Sahraie
1
· Alireza Hassannejad Marzouni
1
· Alireza Zakariazadeh
1
· Mostafa Gholami
1
Received: 19 June 2019 / Accepted: 24 March 2020
© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
In this paper, a new clearing method for the separate reactive power market aiming at improving the reactive power com-
pensation quality is presented. To analyze the performance of the proposed clearing method, indices including profitability
rates for power suppliers, participation rates of power suppliers and fair distribution of the revenue and net surpluses have
been developed. Robustness and efficiency of the proposed clearing method are tested on the 24-bus IEEE RTS system, and
the market problem is solved by a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition. The results evidence that
the proposed clearing method improves the quality of reactive power compensation if compared with the available market
clearing methods.
Keywords Reactive power · Market clearing · Multi-objective optimization
List of symbols
Indices
i , j Bus number
u Unit number
N
B
Total number of system buses
NU
i
Total number of generating units connected to bus i
Parameters
Q
i ,u
G
min
Minimum reactive power generation of bus i ,
unit u
B Alireza Zakariazadeh
zakaria@mazust.ac.ir
Elahe Sahraie
E.sahraie@mazust.ac.ir
Alireza Hassannejad Marzouni
alireza.hassannejad@mazust.ac.ir
Mostafa Gholami
m.gholami@mazust.ac.ir
1
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran,
Behshahr, Iran
Q
i ,u
G
max
Maximum reactive power generation of bus i ,
unit u
Q
D i
Total reactive demand of bus i
P
D i
Total active demand of bus i
Y
i , j
Line admittance magnitude between bus i and j
θ
ij
Line admittance angle between bus i and j
C
i ,u
0
MCP of bus i unit u for unit availability
(
$/(MVar h)
)
C
i ,u
1
MCP of bus i , unit u for reactive power absorp-
tion in zone ( Q
min
, 0)
(
$/(MVar h)
)
C
i ,u
2
MCP of bus i , unit u for reactive power genera-
tion in zone ( Q
base
, Q
A
)
(
$/(MVar h)
)
C
i ,u
3
MCP of bus i , unit u for reactive power genera-
tion in zone ( Q
A
, Q
B
)
(
$/(MVar h) ˆ 2
)
a
i ,u
0
Proposed availability price for bus i unit u
(
$/(MVar h)
)
M
i ,u
1
Proposed price of unit u connected to bus i for
zone ( Q
min
, 0)
(
$/(MVar h)
)
M
i ,u
2
Proposed price of unit u connected to bus i for
zone ( Q
base
, Q
A
)
(
$/(MVar h)
)
M
i ,u
3
Proposed price of unit u connected to bus i for
zone ( Q
A
, Q
B
)
(
$/(MVar h) ˆ 2
)
Q
i ,u
av,G
max
Maximum reactive power available for unit u
connected to bus i
Q
i ,u
av,G
min
Minimum reactive power available for unit u
connected to bus i
123