406 Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2016, 12, 406-410
ISSN: 1814-8085 / E-ISSN: 1927-5129/16 © 2016 Lifescience Global
Preliminary Studies for Dosimetric Response of a Synthetic Dye for
Gamma Dosimetry
Muhammad Khawar Hayat
1
, Ramiza
1
, Taqmeem Hussain
2,*
, Abdul Hanan Saeed
1
,
Inam ul Haq
1,4
and Nasim Akhtar
3
1
Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), 38040-Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), 38000-Faisalabad, Pakistan
3
Nuclear Institute of Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
4
Higher Education Department, Government of Punjab, Pakistan
Abstract: Aqueous solutions of Sandalfix Orange C2RL (SO) dye were used to check its feasibility as a new passive
dosimeter. UV/VIS spectrophotometer was utilized to determine the absorption peak (λmax) of dye; which was 430 nm.
SO followed Beer’s law satisfactorily. The absorbance (A) of the sample solutions was decreased with increase in
absorbed dose (D). The %decoloration (%Ð) showed an exponential increase and logarithmic increase within low and
high dosimetry range, respectively. The pH sensitivity of the sample solutions at different doses was also observed.
Keywords: Aqueous Solutions, Reactive Orange 122, Gamma radiation, %Decoloration, Absorbance.
INTRODUCTION
Biological, chemical and physical changes occur in
material(s) exposed to radiations [1-2]. The process of
calculating the quantity of absorbed Ionizing Radiations
(IRs) is called Radiation Dosimetry. Some of the
dosimeters are based on chemicals that respond
linearly, logarithmically or exponentially etc. to IRs
under suitable conditions. Chemical change upon
irradiation is the general working principal of a chemical
dosimeter. Irradiation can change the thermo-
luminescence and other optical properties of alkaline
earth and rare-earths metal compounds; which were
conveniently used as a dosimeter.
Dye, a synthetic chemical; is used to impart color
and has been used for dosimetric purposes in many of
its forms like aqueous solutions [3-9] and polyvinyl
alcoholic films [10-12] etc. In the aqueous solution,
irradiation can cause the production of transient
species i.e., ions and radicals etc. Radiolysis produces
hydrated electron, H
2
O
2
, H
2
, OH
-
, H
+
and •OH radical
as intermediate species; the production depends upon
the linear energy transfer value of radiation [13]. Dyes
are categorized on the bases of their source, color,
structure and method of application in color index.
Chromophoric groups are the major cause for the
division of the dyes; and dyes can be characterized as
azo dyes, arylmethane dyes, acridine dyes, nitro dyes,
anthroqinone dyes, quinine-amine dyes and xanthene
dyes [14].
*Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Physics,
Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), 38000-Faisalabad,
Pakistan; E-mail: relyables@yahoo.com
Different dyes have been used by researchers i.e.,
bromophenol blue [15], methyl red [16], sandalfix
golden yellow CRL and sandalfix red C4BLN [4-7],
direct yellow 12 [13], methylene blue [10], alizarin
yellow GG [17], reactive yellow 145 [18] and 2, 6 dinitro
phenol [19] etc. Radiolysis causes degradation of the
dye; and is a well-known radiation induced
phenomenon. Degradation of the dye is initiated
absolutely by •OH attacking on the electron-rich sites of
the dye molecules and can be used for dosimetric
studies.
The proposed plan of present study is to find the
dosimetric response of aqueous solutions of the
synthetic dye; when exposed to different gamma dose
ranges.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sample Preparation and Pre-Irradiation Treatments
Sandalfix Orange C2RL (SO) (MW: 1034.27 amu,
Molecular Formula: C
31
H
20
ClN
7
Na
4
O
16
S
5
) was collected
from Sandal Dyestuff Industries Pvt. Ltd. Faisalabad,
Pakistan and was used without further purification. The
sample solutions were prepared by dissolving 0.5 gram
(weighted by Mettler H35AR (USA) balance) of the
selected dye in one liter of deionized water, collected
from Pakistan scientific traders, Faisalabad, Pakistan,
and it has electrical conductivity less than 1
µSiemens/cm. The pH of sample solutions was
measured by pH meter (Hanna HI 83141) and
controlled by using one molar solution of NaOH and
HCl, respectively. The set of acidic samples have pH