Handono et al.
Int J App Pharm, Vol 13, Special Issue 2, 2021, 115-119
The 3
rd
Postgraduate Seminar on Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020 | 115
ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR IN PURCHASING DECISIONS OF MEDICAL SERVICES
PRODUCTS AND THEIR EFFECT ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN PHARMACY
Original Article
BAYU DWI HANDONO
1,2
, WAHONO SUMARYONO
3
, SAHAT SARAGI
3
1
STIKes IKIFA, Jakarta, 13470, Indonesia,
2
Department Magister Ilmu Kefarmasian, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Jakarta,
Indonesia,
3
Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Jakarta, 12640, Indonesia
Email: bayudwihandono@gmail.com
Received: 01 Sep 2020, Revised and Accepted: 09 Oct 2020
ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aims to analyze customer behavior in the decision to buy self-medicated service products and their effect on customer
satisfaction at Kimia Farma Pharmacy, Bekasi Business Unit.
Methods: This research uses a quantitative study approach with a descriptive design. Samples or respondents totaled 312 people. Data collection
was carried out by means of interviews and agency documents.
Results: The results showed that the respondents' knowledge, attitudes and actions in self-medicated service products had quite good results.
Respondents who have knowledge of self-medicated service products are 54.225%, 67% of respondents have good attitudes and 61% of actions.
The results of data analysis show that the influence of customer behavior in the decision to buy self-medicated service products on customer
satisfaction is 0.410 or the power of influence is 41.0%, the rest is influenced by other factors. While the influence of customer behavior on the
decision to buy self-medicated service products is 0.347 or 34.7%, the rest is influenced by other factors.
Conclusion: Customer satisfaction is quite high which illustrates that Kimia Farma Pharmacy Bekasi Business Unit has tried to fulfill customer
desires by providing adequate service.
Keywords: Self-medication, Customer behavior, Customer satisfaction, Pharmaceutical services
© 2021 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2021.v13s2.22 Journal homepage: https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ijap
INTRODUCTION
The government is committed to provide optimal health services for
the community through various tools in the form of health care
programs and regulations. One of them is the National Health
Insurance (JKN) which is an insurance program that provides health
protection to participants [1]. In the JKN program, participants are
given guarantees in the form of comprehensive individual health
services, including promotive, preventive, curative, and
rehabilitative, including drugs and pharmacy medical devices. JKN
aims to provide practical health services for the community, where
patients can go directly to the nearest health facility that works with
JKN. However, in practice, patients still experience complaints,
namely the long waiting time at JKN health services [2]. Therefore,
for minor complaints, patients generally do self-medication.
Self-medication is one of the treatment efforts made by a person in
treating the symptoms of illness or disease he is suffering without
first consulting a doctor. Self-medication is carried out to treat minor
ailments that can be overcome with limited over-the-counter and
over-the-counter (OTC) drugs [3]. The legal basis for self-medication
is the Minister of Health Regulation No. 919 Menkes/Per/X/1993
[4]. The Directorate General of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices
Development have formulated guidelines on the use of free drugs
and limited free drugs that can help the community so that
medication errors do not occur [4]. So far, pharmacy service
establishments do not know clearly how the decision-making
process for purchasing self-medicated service products and what
factors affect consumer preferences [5].
The research reported by Agustina S (2019) said that the reason for
not utilizing health services at Puskesmas (JKN) is that people feel
that they are not sick and do not need health services at Puskesmas
and some people when they complain of being sick, more choose to
use over-the-counter drugs purchased at the pharmacy [6]. Mild
disease is a disease that can be overcome by using drugs that can be
purchased without a doctor's prescription at the pharmacy, namely
over-the-counter drugs and limited free drugs, known as OTC (Over
The Counter) drugs. Value in Health volume 21 supplement 3 in
October 2018 in Science Direct revealed a result of research
conducted by looking at student behavior in dealing with minor
disease problems. The results of this study reveal that 74.3% of
students do self-medication for reasons of convenience, easy access
and are more commonly used for the population [7].
The results of the 2013 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) show that
the majority of Indonesians use over-the-counter drugs for self-
medication. Households that store drugs as self-medicated are
35.2% with the type of medicine stored, namely 82%, are over-the-
counter drugs obtained from pharmacies (50.2%) as a source of
medicine [8]. This means that the pattern of self-medicated
treatment is the method that many people choose to handle
complaints of disease. This is evident from the high sales of over-the-
counter drugs and limited over-the-counter (OTC) drugs which are
the mainstay of patients in self-medication. Sales of over-the-counter
drugs and limited over-the-counter drugs (OWA) are the second
largest revenue contributor after ethical products, especially for
state-owned companies (BUMN) such as Kimia Farma Persero.
During 2014 to 2017 sales of OTC drugs increased by an average of
11.40% per year. This shows that the trend of OTC sales in the era of
National Health Insurance is still positive. In the fairness income
report on the planned affiliation and material transactions in March
2019, OTC sales contributed 21.83% with the total segmentation of
the IMS market in 2016 of around 67.2 trillion with over-the-counter
drugs of 38% [9].
On the other hand, the pharmacy as a pharmacy service place does
not clearly know how the process of purchasing decision making for
self-medicated service products and what factors influence
consumer preferences. Even though this knowledge is important so
that pharmacies can determine strategies to capture buyer behavior
into selling opportunities, especially for self-medicated service
products. This consumer behavior can be seen from the knowledge,
attitudes and actions of customers on the purchase of OTC drugs or
other products. Consumers' preferences to choose over-the-counter
drugs purchased at pharmacies have continued to grow until now,
resulting in the purchase of non-pharmaceutical service products
that are starting to be in great demand by the public. Behavior which
International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics
ISSN- 0975-7058 Vol 13, Special Issue 2, 2021