Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3
Journal of Polymers and the Environment
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-020-01904-7
ORIGINAL PAPER
Performance of Sisal/Hemp Bio‑based Epoxy Composites Under
Accelerated Weathering
K. Senthilkumar
1
· Thitinun Ungtrakul
2
· M. Chandrasekar
3
· T. Senthil Muthu Kumar
4
· N. Rajini
4
·
Suchart Siengchin
2
· Harikrishnan Pulikkalparambil
1
· Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai
2
· Nadir Ayrilmis
5
Accepted: 23 September 2020
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
The biocomposites were produced by layering sequence of pure sisal fber mat (SSSS), pure hemp fber mat (HHHH), and
their hybrid mats and then subjected to accelerated weathering conditions. The composite specimens were conditioned
under ultraviolet (UV) light and water spray simultaneously for 2222 h, which corresponds to approximately 1 year of the
outdoor conditions. Mechanical properties and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the weathered composites were com-
pared to the dry or unweathered composites. Chemical changes to the bio-based epoxy matrix and natural fber induced by
photodegradation were evident as a reduction in intensity and broadening of characteristic peaks from the Fourier Transform
Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Tensile strength and fexural strength of the weathered HSSH and HSHS declined
by 7%, 13%, 25%, and 26%, respectively. Degradation efects of weathering were also visible from the lower residue of the
weathered composite specimens from the thermogravimetric analysis. Despite the slight drop in impact strength, all the
weathered composite specimens had good impact resistance. Furthermore, the hybrid composites exposed to weathering had
nearly equivalent impact strength compared to the pure sisal and hemp-based composites under the impact load. Based on
this observation, sisal/hemp fber bio-epoxy based hybrid composites are recommended for the outdoor structural applica-
tions requiring impact resistance.
Keywords Hemp fber · Sisal fber · Accelerated weathering
* K. Senthilkumar
kmsenthilkumar@gmail.com
* N. Rajini
rajiniklu@gmail.com
* Suchart Siengchin
suchart.s.pe@tggs-bangkok.org
T. Senthil Muthu Kumar
tsmkumar@klu.ac.in
1
Center of Innovation in Design and Engineering
for Manufacturing (CoI-DEM), King Mongkut’s University
of Technology North Bangkok, 1518 Wongsawang Road,
Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
2
Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, The
Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School
of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University
of Technology North Bangkok, 1518 Wongsawang Road,
Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
3
School of Aeronautical Sciences, Hindustan Institute
of Technology & Science, Padur, Kelambakkam, Chennai,
Tamilnadu 603103, India
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam
Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil,
Tamil Nadu 626126, India
5
Department of Wood Mechanics and Technology, Forestry
Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Bahcekoy,
34473 Istanbul, Turkey