International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol. 11, No. 3, September 2022, pp. 1058~1065 ISSN: 2252-8822, DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v11i3.22377  1058 Journal homepage: http://ijere.iaescore.com The role of spirituality and resilience among Yemeni refugee students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Manal Ali Ahmed Garoon, Shahabuddin Hashim, Nik Rosila Nik Yaacob School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Jun 20, 2021 Revised Jun 19, 2022 Accepted Jul 3, 2022 The purpose of this article was to explore the role of spirituality and resilience in coping and adaptation among Yemeni refugee students. This qualitative study aimed to explore the themes of spirituality and resilience that emerged among Yemeni refugee students who have experienced from conditions of war after the war that began in Yemen in 2015. This study applied in-depth, semi-structured interviews to explore the themes through qualitative interviews with Yemeni refugee students in Saudi Arabia. Thematic analysis was used to determine the role of spirituality and resilience in coping and adaptation. The study showed that Yemeni refugee students commonly use five main coping and adaptation methods to improve their lives in the host country. Keywords: Displacement Refugee Resilience Spirituality Yemen This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Corresponding Author: Manal Ali Ahmed Garoon School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Penang, Malaysia Email: manal.ambition@gmail.com 1. INTRODUCTION Yemen was going through successive crises. These crises increased after the outbreak of the Arab Spring revolutions. The Yemeni revolution began in Yemen in February 2011 against the ruling regime at the time. The crises increased after the Yemeni youth revolution, which was followed by the coup that occurred in September 2014, which led to a more complex conflict that continues until now [1] It should be noted that this conflict has resulted in many crises, such as violence, fear, insecurity, deterioration of the economy, and the displacement of many people, internally and externally, in addition to the psychological problems that the Yemeni refugees faced [1]. The conflict in Yemen has been going on for more than six years [2]. In 2020 only more than 27,000 Yemeni family refugees were displaced [3]. Today, according to [3], “the humanitarian crisis in Yemen remains the worst in the world.” According to [4], 121,074 refugees have arrived to many countries such as Oman, Somalia, and Saudi Arabia. As a result, of the war in Yemen, large numbers of Yemeni refugees have been fled to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The refugee people suffering from many psychological disorders and problems because of the events they lived and the circumstances they went through however, few academic studies of psychological problems have been conducted [5]–[9]. Most importantly, there is no known empirical research study that has looked at the psychological problems of Yemeni refugees in the Saudi Arabia. Only one study has conducted by the researchers [10]. This study aimed to explore the role of spirituality and resilience among Yemeni refugee students who fled to Saudi Arabia due to issues of war in Yemen. It explored the themes of spirituality and resilience among these refugees who have experienced war circumstances. Refugees faced a myriad of experiments and challenges. Refugees around the globe exposed to various psychological distress after displaced to new