Int. J Sup. Chain. Mgt Vol. 7, No. 6, December 2018
158
Green Practices in the Hotel Industry: The
Push and Pull Factors
Norhani Aripin
#1
, Noor Afza Amran
#2
, Natrah Saad
#3
, Noor Rohin Awaluddin
*4
#
Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy (TISSA-UUM)
Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 UUM Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
norhani@uum.edu.my
afza@uum.edu.my
natrah@uum.edu.my
*
Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business (OYAGSB)
Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 UUM Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
nrohin@gmail.com
Abstract - The objective of this study is to determine the
motivational factors and barriers that influence the
implementation of green practices in Malaysian hotels. The
environmental issue in Malaysia has a long history, which
began with river pollution because of tin mining operations.
It has now become more critical as air pollution and waste
disposal by the hotel industry have a negative impact on the
environment. A total of 86 questionnaires were received from
four-star and five-star hotels in Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and
Putrajaya. The dependent variable is green practices, while
the independent variables are motivational factors and
barriers. Data from the questionnaires were analyzed using
the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling
approach and the SmartPLS software. Motivational factors
are found to have a significantly positive relationship with
the implementation of green practices. However, the barriers
to green practices do not have statistical significance. The
study contributes to existing literature by introducing factors
that encourage the Environmental Management System
(EMS) and also recommends the study of more strong factors
in green practices research.
Keywords: Green Practices, Hotel Industry, Motivational factors,
Barriers, EMS
Corresponding author: norhani@uum.edu.my
1. Introduction
An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a
problem-solving tool that should be practiced by all
employees in an organisation (Tinsley & Pillai, 2006). An
EMS is defined as “a framework for implementing
environmental management into an organisation‘s
activities, products and services” (Meade & Pringle,
2001). An EMS is a repetitive cycle, which includes
policymaking, planning, implementing, reviewing as well
as improving the environmental performance of an
organisation.
In Malaysia, the hotel industry has begun to
implement green practices in their management system
(Kasim, 2009; Ustad, 2010). Most foreign tourists believe
that one very important criteria of good hotel management
is the managers’ commitment to preserve nature and not
damage the existing eco-system (Chan, 2008; Mensah,
2006). Green practices have led to increased
environmental awareness in Malaysia. According to the
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017, Malaysia
is ranked at 26
th
position. The number of hotels in
Malaysia that have begun to implement green practices in
their management system is increasing (Siti-Nabiha et al.,
2011). There were approximately 14 certified green hotels
in 2015 and the number increased to 20 certified green
hotels in 2017 (Ministry of Tourism and Culture, 2017).
Malaysia also targets 100 green hotels to be certified by
2018 (President of Malaysian Association of Hotels,
2015).
The hotel industry is one of the sectors that has a
great impact on the environment. Prior studies have found
that environmental pollution from hotels comes from
waste material sources (Moorthy & Yacob, 2013).
According to Bohdanowicz (2005), between 160 and 200
kilograms of carbon dioxide per square meter of room are
released annually by a normal hotel. The hotel sector
comprises the housekeeping department, food and
beverage production and services, laundry services, guest
rooms and conference and meeting facilities (Bakori,
Samdin, & Hassan, 2012). All the activities under these
departments and services produce undesirable emissions,
such as clorofluorocarbon, noise, fumes and odours that
cause pollution. According to Kasim (2009) and
Bohdanowicz (2005), the hotel sector is one of the main
sectors that causes environmental degradation and
accounts for various kinds of pollution, such as water,
energy and waste pollution.
Environmental issues within the hotel sector have
been discussed globally. Over the past decades, the United
Nations has expressed concern with the status of
environmental protection (Chan & Lam, 2001). A hotel
should practice and operate nature-oriented,
environmentally-focused and environment-friendly use of
energy, water and materials in order to diminish the
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International Journal of Supply Chain Management
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