This is the accepted version of the following article: Quesada-González D.; Merkoçi A. Mobile phone-based biosensing : An emerging “diagnostic and communication” technology. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 92:2017, p. 549-562, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.062. © 2017. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Mobile phone–based biosensing: an emerging “diagnostic and communication” technology Daniel Quesada-González a and Arben Merkoçi a,b,  a Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain b ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain Keywords: Biosensor, Mobile phone, m-Health, Point-of-care, Diagnostic and communicate, 3D-printing Abstract In this review we discuss recent developments on the use of mobile phones and similar devices for biosensing applications in which diagnostics and communications are coupled. Owing to the capabilities of mobile phones (their cameras, connectivity, portability, etc.) and to advances in biosensing, the coupling of these two technologies is enabling portable and user-friendly analytical devices. Any user can now perform quick, robust and easy (bio)assays anywhere and at any time. Among the most widely reported of such devices are paper-based platforms. Herein we provide an overview of a broad range of biosensing possibilities, from optical to electrochemical measurements; explore the various reported designs for adapters; and consider future opportunities for this technology in fields such as health diagnostics, safety & security, and environment monitoring. 1. Introduction 1.1. Capabilities of mobile phones On April 3rd, 1973, Martin Cooper, who is considered the father of mobile phone technology, made the first public call using a cordless phone, which weighed nearly 1 Kg (Kennedy, 2013). Since then, mobile phones have evolved continuously, becoming ever smaller and more powerful. The first mobile phone did not have internal memory, and its functionality was limited to making calls. In contrast, modern mobile phones boast up to several Gb of memory and their range of applications is quite wide, spanning high definition (HD) photography and video; internet browsing; sending and receiving emails and multimedia messages; electronic payment; videogames; music; health monitoring; etc. Moreover, these phones can regularly be upgraded by simply installing new applications. In fact, the power of current mobile phones, also called smartphones, is far beyond that of the computer that controlled Apollo 11, first rocket landing on the Moon (NASA). That computer had a processing unit of 1 MHz and an internal memory of roughly 4 kB. In comparison, the processing speed of an iPhone 6s is roughly 2 GHz and its storage capacity is 128 Gb. This means that today, anyone can carry in their pockets 32 million times more information, and access it 2,000 times faster, than could the Apollo 11 crew.  Corresponding author. e-mail: arben.merkoci@icn2.cat