Case Report Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Caused by Chromobacterium violaceum in an Immunocompetent Adult Narayan Dutt Pant, 1 Manisha Sharma, 1 and Saroj Khatiwada 2 1 Department of Microbiology, Grande International Hospital, P.O. Box 11796, Dhapasi, Kathmandu, Nepal 2 CIST College, Kathmandu, Nepal Correspondence should be addressed to Narayan Dutt Pant; ndpant1987@gmail.com Received 27 August 2015; Revised 20 September 2015; Accepted 21 September 2015 Academic Editor: Florian Talhammer Copyright © 2015 Narayan Dutt Pant et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Because of increasing antimicrobial resistance, the treatment of the asymptomatic bacteriuria is not considered except in specifc circumstances like during pregnancy or before invasive urologic procedures. We are reporting a frst case of asymptomatic bacteriuria caused by Chromobacterium violaceum in a 16-year-old male. With the reporting of the C. violaceum which is notorious for its high propensity for hematogenous dissemination causing fatal sepsis (with reported mortality rate up to 65–80%) if prompt proper treatment is not given, as causative agent of asymptomatic bacteriuria, it is recommended to treat the asymptomatic bacteriuria caused by this organism. 1. Introduction Asymptomatic bacteriuria is the presence of a signifcant number of bacteria in the sample of properly collected urine from a person with no signs of urinary tract infection [1]. Its prevalence varies according to the age, sex, sexual activ- ity, and presence of abnormalities related to genitourinary tract. Te causative organisms are diverse and may include Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus species, and group B Streptococcus with Escherichia coli being the most common organism responsible [2]. Urinary tract infection caused by Chromobacterium violaceum has been rarely reported [3]. No cases of asymptomatic bacteriuria caused by this organism have been reported yet in the world literature and no cases of infection caused by Chromobac- terium violaceum have been reported from Nepal. Here, we are reporting a case of asymptomatic bacteriuria caused by Chromobacterium violaceum in an immunocompetent adult of 16 years. To the best of our knowledge, it is the frst case in which C. violaceum was identifed as the cause of asymp- tomatic bacteriuria. Current guidelines suggest screening and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria only in specifc cir- cumstances like during pregnancy or before invasive urologic procedures [4]. Because of increasing antimicrobial resis- tance problem, the patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria should not be treated unless there is evidence of potential beneft [2]. With the reporting of the highly virulent organism like Chromobacterium violaceum which has high propensity of hematogenous dissemination causing fatal sepsis with reported mortality rate up to 65–80% [5], as the causative agent of asymptomatic bacteriuria, it is recommended to treat the asymptomatic bacteriuria caused by this organism. 2. Case Report A 16-year-old male attended the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal, in July 2015, with chief complaint of acute lower right abdominal pain. He has no past history of similar symptom but had a history of recurrent urinary tract infection in childhood and there were no urogenital tract abnormalities in the patient. He had a history of playing football and dancing in a feld during a pic- nic, about two weeks before. By the time the patient reached the hospital, the symptom subsided spontaneously without any treatment. Afer physical examination the necessary Hindawi Publishing Corporation Case Reports in Medicine Volume 2015, Article ID 652036, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/652036