1540
© 2021 Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research
Original Article Research Article
Abstract
Background: Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) described by the American Optometric
Association (AOA) as “The complex of eye and vision problems related to near work experience
during computer use.” The current study aims to evaluate the prevalence of CVS and the
association between CVS symptoms with age and behavior’s, among college students and
employees in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Subjects & Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytic
study conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from July to August 2020. The study targets college
students and employees living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from July 2020. The target sample
size was a minimum of 377 that was calculated using raosoft. Data entry was performed by
Microsoft Excel 2019, and analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
(SPSS) software, version 25. Frequency, descriptive analysis, Chi-square, and One-way ANOVA
was performed. P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically signifcant. Results: Overall, 786
responses were received, only 459 met the criteria of which 277 (60.3%) were college students
and 182 (39.7%) were employees. Pain in and around the eyes 288 (66.5%) and sore eyes 247
(57%) were the most commonly reported ocular symptoms among participant and in terms of
extra-ocular symptoms; headache 355 (82%) and neck and shoulder pain 237 (55%) recorded
highest. The highest number of symptoms was reported by IbnSina National College (ISNC)
students with approximately a mean number of symptoms 7 ± 3.443. Conclusion: Computer
Vision Syndrome is a common syndrome among college students and employees.
Keywords: Computer vision syndrome; Prevalence; Risk factors; Jeddah; Saudi Arabia;
Computer users; Ocular symptoms
Corresponding author:
Yumna A Bokhari, Department of
Medicine, IbnSina National College
for Medical Sciences, Jeddah,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
Tel: +966533629892;
E-mail: yumnabokhari942@gmail.com
How to Cite this Article: Al-Manjoumi AM, et al. Risk Factors of Computer
Vision Syndrome among College Students and Employees in Jeddah. Ann Med
Health Sci Res. 2021;11:1540-1545.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com-
mons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to
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Risk Factors of Computer Vision Syndrome among
College Students and Employees in Jeddah
Ahmed M Al-Manjoumi
1,2
, Yumna A Bokhari
3
*, Abdullah S Alsubaie
3
, Ahlam Y Lasker
4
, Atheer
A Alshanbari
5
and Rahaf O Alamri
5
1
Department of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, Rabigh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;
2
Department of Medicine, Dr. Soliman
Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;
3
Department of Medicine, IbnSina National College for Medical Sciences,
Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;
4
Department of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;
5
Department of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Introduction
Computer Vision Syndrome symptoms are classifed into ocular
symptoms such as eye strain, blurry vision, and dry eyes, and
extraocular symptoms which includes pain in the neck or
shoulders or numbing in the hands or fngers.
[1]
CVS is a growing public health problem that is not clearly
understood.
[2]
The usage of computers and other digital devices
for an extended period causes the rise of CVS symptoms later
on in the future.
[1,3]
AOA found that 14% of patients who visit the ophthalmology
clinic for visual examinations have CVS.
[4]
On average more
than 50% of the work environment now uses computers in their
job; thus, nearly 60 million people experience ocular problems.
[5]
The most frequently occurring health problem among computer
users are CVS,
[6–9]
followed by wrist and shoulder pain and
overuse syndrome to musculoskeletal injuries.
[10,11]
Subjects and Methods
The study was approved by Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital
Scientifc Research Review Committee (DSFH IRB). It was a
cross-sectional analytic study conducted in the Jeddah region of
Saudi Arabia from July to August 2020.
The study targets college students and employees in Jeddah, Saudi
Arabia. Those diagnosed with underlying systemic diseases
(diabetes, hypertension, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism),
who had pre-existing eye diseases (such as Glaucoma, Sjogren
syndrome, LASIK surgery done less than a year), they’re not
employees nor college students and those who wear contact
lenses were excluded.
The target sample size was a minimum of 377 that was calculated
using Raosoft software.
A validated electronic questionnaire was taken from a study
conducted in Sri Lanka that was used for measuring the CVS
symptoms.
[12]
The used survey was translated into Arabic and subjected to a
process of forward and backward translation.
All information in this study was confdential, and the