Study the Pulmonary Hypertension among Heavy Smokers Young Adult Males before the Clinical Evidences of Chronic Lung Disease Hussein A Naser 1 , Najah R Hadi 2* , Adea F Ibrahim 3 and Ali Assad 3 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Kufa Medical College, Iraq 2 Department of Pharmacology, Kufa Medical College, Iraq 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Sader Teaching Hospital, Iraq * Corresponding author: Najah R Hadi, Department of Pharmacology, Kufa Medical College, Iraq, Tel: 9647801241456; E-mail: drnajahhadi@yahoo.com Received date: May 29, 2017; Accepted date: July 19, 2017; Published date: July 25, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Naser HA, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Background: Smoking is a well-known risk factor for development of COPD. Prevalence of smoking is high. Its effect on the pulmonary pressure before the development of COPD still needs to be explored on human model. Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to evaluate the pulmonary hypertension in young heavy smokers adult population prior to the development of the clinical and the abnormal pulmonary function test. Material and Methods: The study was carried out at Al Sader Najaf Teaching Hospital during the period April 2015 to April 2016 where 93 Smokers who smoke at least 2 packets/day for minimal two years period were included in the study with 93 non-smokers used as a control group. The age of the smokers group and non- smokers group was less than 40 year with mean age 25 ± 4.1 for smokers and 24.9 ± 3 for non –smokers. BMI for all was >30. All had their pulmonary function test with the clinical examination to exclude any evidences of the chronic lung disease. Transthoracic Echocardiography and Doppler study was done for the smokers and non-smokers groups to evaluate the Maximum tricuspid valve velocity, the Mean pulmonary pressure gradient and the Pulmonary artery pressure. Results: Mean tricuspid maximum velocity (TGmax) for smokers was 0.9 ± 0.1 and for non-smokers 0.60 ± 0.20 (p value less than 0.001). The mean pulmonary pressure gradient for smokers was 3.4 ± 1.0 and for non-smokers 1.5 ± 0.8 with p value less than 0.001. The mean pulmonary artery pressure for smokers group was 12.2 ± 1.6 and for non-smokers group 7.0 ± 1.2 with p value less than 0.001. Conclusion: There is an increase in the pulmonary arterial pressure among the heavy smokers young adults when was compared with the non-smokers young adults. Keywords: Smoking; Pulmonary hypertension Introduction Smoking is a known risk factor for COPD [1]. Pulmonary hypertension can be defned as a pathophysiological or abnormal hemodynamic condition with pulmonary arterial pressure ≥ 25 mmHg [2] and when associated the pulmonary lung diseases it can predict the severity as well as the mortality for the patients awaiting the lung transplantation [3]. Te long term mortality in patients with pulmonary hypertension still high and largely related to right heart failure [4]. Smoking can induce remodelling in intravascular pulmonary artery and it was found that smoking can be a triggering factor for the alteration in pulmonary vasculature and not necessarily secondarily to the hypoxia caused by the chronic lung disease [5]. Recent studies that were done on animal model clearly demonstrated that pulmonary hypertension occurs even before the development of emphysematous lung changes [6]. Te prevalence of the smoking although showed drop in many developed countries still we fnd the prevalence in developing countries had increased and it was estimated to be 33% in male smokers in Iraq (2012) while it was 30.84% in 2009 and that of 2006 was 29% according to the world bank of smoking which included all types of smoking for people <15 years [7]. Material and Methods Design of the study Tis is a retrospective cohort study. Two groups of subjects were included in the study (smokers and non- smokers) their age <40 years. Te smokers subjects had duration of smoking >2 years. Both groups were studied by Echocardiography Doppler method for evaluation the pulmonary arterial pressure. Ethics consideration Permission and agreement with informed consent forms were taken from all participants who were included in the study afer explanation the method and the aim of the study and with the agreement of the hospital administration. Naser et al., J Clin Exp Cardiolog 2017, 8:8 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9880.1000536 Research Article Open Access J Clin Exp Cardiolog, an open access journal ISSN:2155-9880 Volume 8 • Issue 8 • 1000536 Journal of Clinical & Experimental Cardiology J o u r n a l o f C l i n ic a l & E x p e r i m e n t a l C a r d i o l o g y ISSN: 2155-9880