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www.psychiatria.viamedica.pl
tom 15, nr 1, 7–12
© Copyright 2018 Via Medica
ISSN 1732–9841 Psychiatria
PRACA ORYGINALNA
Address for correspondence:
Tytus J. Koweszko
Clinic of Psychiatry
Faculty of Health Sciences
Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
e-mail: koweszko@gmail.com
Tytus Koweszko, Jacek Gierus, Anna Mosiołek, Agata Szulc
Clinic of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
Considerations of suicidal behaviour
in psychiatrically hospitalised patients.
A psychological portrait of a suicidal
female and male
Introduction
A suffciently quick identifcation of suicidal risk is a dif-
fcult task and constitutes a serious challenge for the
medical staff. Preventing acts directed against one’s life
and health among psychiatrically hospitalised patients
requires a complex analysis which, irrespective of its ac-
curacy, can prove insuffcient. The available observation-
-based risk assessment tools, such as NGASR [1] and
SAD PERSONS [2], provide information about the risk
level, yet their actual prognostic value often proves in-
suffcient. Despite its highest effectiveness in predicting
suicidal behaviour, the C-SSRS [3] requires an interview
to be conducted by the staff, which — in the case of
frequent changes of staff, insuffcient information fow
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study is to determine the psychological and clinical considerations of suicidal behaviour in
psychiatrically hospitalised patients.
Material and methods: The participants of the study were 154 psychiatrically hospitalised patients, who were examined with
th ACL, BPRS, WHOQOL-BREF, C-SSRS, and descriptive questionnaire. The scale results were subject to analysis with the use of
Spearman’s rho and the Mann-Whitney U test. The correlation analysis was carried out with reference to the number of earlier
suicide attempts and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine intergroup differences depending on the presence or
absence of suicidal behaviour over a lifetime and low/high suicide risk determined on the basis of the C-SSRS risk assessment.
The authors conducted statistical analyses by the gender of the subjects.
Results: The obtained results permitted identifcation of the psychological variables and clinical features which could predispose
to suicidal behaviour. Additionally, the study revealed the risk factors and protective factors which are different for each gender.
Conclusions: Based on the obtained data, the researchers created profles of a potential female and male suicide. A psycho-
logical profle of a potential suicide can be a useful tool aiding the psychiatric staff in preventing suicidal behaviour in psychia-
trically hospitalised patients. A different profle for males and females shows how important the patient’s gender is as a factor
determining the specifcity of suicidal risk.
Psychiatry 2018; 15, 1: 7–12
Key words: suicide, gender, psychiatry, risk factors
and limitations arising from improper communication
between medical staff members — can easily lead to the
situation where the crucial details are overlooked [4].
The contemporary methods treat a suicidal patient uni-
versally. The patient’s gender is taken into account to
a small extent. And it is gender that largely determines
suicidal risk and the specifcity of the actions taken [5].
Two/three times more males take their lives as a result
of suicide, yet a higher number of unsuccessful suicide
attempts are made by females. The relevant literature
describes this phenomenon as a gender paradox [6–9].
Due to the differences in the occurrence and form of
suicidal behaviour depending on gender, it is impossible
to create a universal profle of a suicide without taking
such a signifcant variable into account. A psychological
profle enabling reliance on the information which can
be obtained by a medical personnel based on an even
superfcial contact with the patient could contribute to
a more effcient risk identifcation.