This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ech T Press Science Computers, Materials & Continua DOI: 10.32604/cmc.2023.032691 Article Formal Modeling of Self-Adaptive Resource Scheduling in Cloud Atif Ishaq Khan*, Syed Asad Raza Kazmi and Awais Qasim Department of Computer Science, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan *Corresponding Author: Atif Ishaq Khan. Email: atif.ishaq@gcu.edu.pk Received: 26 May 2022; Accepted: 27 June 2022 Abstract: A self-adaptive resource provisioning on demand is a critical factor in cloud computing. The selection of accurate amount of resources at run time is not easy due to dynamic nature of requests. Therefore, a self-adaptive strategy of resources is required to deal with dynamic nature of requests based on run time change in workload. In this paper we proposed a Cloud-based Adaptive Resource Scheduling Strategy (CARSS) Framework that formally addresses these issues and is more expressive than traditional approaches. The decision making in CARSS is based on more than one factors. The MAPE-K based framework determines the state of the resources based on their current utilization. Timed-Arc Petri Net (TAPN) is used to model system formally and behaviour is expressed in TCTL, while TAPAAL model checker verifies the underline properties of the system. Keywords: Formal modeling; multi-agent; self-adaptive; cloud computing 1 Introduction Cloud computing is a new paradigm [1], showing astonishing growth in the academic and indus- trial fields. Essential cloud computing capabilities include on-demand self-service, wide area network access, resource pools and measurable services. Cloud computing is bifurcated into deployment and service models. The deployment of the cloud is public: the cloud infrastructure is accessible to the public on the internet and is owned by a cloud provider, private: the cloud infrastructure is managed by a single organization and can exist on-premises or off-premises, hybrid: the cloud infrastructure includes functions for the public and private clouds and communities: cloud infrastructure is used for specific communities. Cloud Computing provides its services via a set of virtual resources (such as servers, virtual machines, etc.) and offer services based on three main service models: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS). Based on these service paradigms it not only reduces software development cost deployment effort, generalizes the reusability of all cloud resources. The services offered by the cloud service provider are pay per usage basis. It means the cost of cloud computing depends upon the usage of resources. The assurance of availability of resources with desired satisfaction is required to meet the Service Level Agreement (SLA) between service provider and the client. In cloud computing, the process of assigning the available resources to user over the internet is referred as resource scheduling [2]. The main considerations in resource scheduling are jobs, virtual