IJSR - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 189 Volume : 2 | Issue : 11 | November 2013 • ISSN No 2277 - 8179 Research Paper Engineering Yogendra O. Patil P.G. Student, M.E. Course, PG Course in Building Science and Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, SSVPS BSD College of Engineering, Deopur, Dhule, Maharashtra State, India, 424 005. Prof.P.N.Patil Associate Professor & Coordinator P.G.Course, Department of Civil Engineering, SSVPS BSD College of Engineering, Deopur, Dhule, Maharashtra State, India, 424 005. Dr. Arun Kumar Dwivedi Professor & Head of the Department, Department of Civil Engineering, SSVPS BSD College of Engineering, Deopur, Dhule, Maharashtra State, India, 424 005. ABSTRACT The production of cement results in emission of many green house gases in atmosphere, which are responsi- ble for global warming. Hence, the researches are currently focussed on use of waste material having cement- ing properties, which can be added in cement concrete as partial replacement of cement, without compromising on its strength and durability, which will result in decrease of cement production thus reduction in emission in green house gases, in addition to sustain- able management of the waste. The ground granulated blast furnace slag is a waste product from the iron manufacturing industry, which may be used as partial replacement of cement in concrete due to its inherent cementing properties. This paper presents an experimental study of compressive and flexural strength of concrete prepared with Ordinary Portland Cement, partially replaced by ground granulated blast furnace slag in different proportions varying from 0% to 40%. It is observed from the investigation that the strength of concrete is inversely proportional to the % of replacement of cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag. It is concluded that the 20% replacement of cement is possible without compromising the strength with 90 days curing. GGBS as Partial Replacement of OPC in Cement Concrete – An Experimental Study KEYWORDS : Compressive Strength, Concrete, Flexural Strength, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Ordinary Portland Cement I. INTRODUCTION The production of cement is an energy intensive process, result- ing in emission of green house gases which adversely impact on the environment. At the same the cost of production of ce- ment is increasing at alarming rate and natural resources giving the raw material for its manufacturing are depleting. The use of waste material having cementitious properties as a replace- ment of cement in cement concrete has become the thrust area for construction material experts and researchers. The main focus now a days is on search of waste material or bye prod- uct from manufacturing processes, which can be used as partial replacement of cement in concrete, without compromising on its desired strength. The ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a waste product from the iron manufacturing indus- try, which may be used as partial replacement of cement in con- crete due to its inherent cementing properties. In the country like India, where the development of the infrastructures pro- jects such as large irrigation, road and building projects are ei- ther being constructed or in completion of their planning and design stage, such uses of waste material in cement concrete will not only reduce the emission of green house gases but also will be the sustainable way of management of waste. The Fly ash (FA), GGBS, Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Silica Fume (SF) are some of the pozzolanic materials which can be used in concrete as partial replacement of cement. A number of studies are going on in India as well as abroad to study the impact of use of these pozzolanic materials as cement replacements and the results are encouraging. These materials include fly ash, silica fume and ground-granulated blast furnace slag used separately or in combination. The strength, durability and other characteristic of concrete depends on the properties of its ingredients, pro- portion of mix, method of compaction and other controls dur- ing placing and curing. For concretes, a combination of mineral and chemical admixtures is always essential to ensure achieve- ment of the required strength. II. LITERATURE REVIEW Many investigators have researched on replacement of GGBS with cement in concrete and found the encouraging results. It is observed that the curing period required for GGBS concrete is more as compared to normal concrete [Parniani et al. (2011) & Dubey et. al. (2012)]. It is concluded by Khan & Usman (2003) that workability of GGBS concrete is more and thus water ce- ment ratio may be reduced resulting in increase in compressive strength. Shariq et. al. (2008) found in his experiments that the replacement of OPC in concrete with GGBS gives the optimum strength at 40% but after curing of 56 days. Naidu et al.(2012) researched on geopolymer concrete with addition of GGBS and found the increase in strength of concrete. The GGBS concrete gives better performance than normal concrete when exposed to aggressive environment [Muhamad and Emmanual (2000), Basu and Ramakumar (2007)]. Barnett et al. (2006) conclud- ed from their research that the early strength development of mixtures containing GGBS is highly dependent on temperature under standard curing conditions and the GGBS mortar gain strength more slowly than mortars with OPC. III. MATERIAL AND METHOD The GGBS is a by-product in the manufacture of iron and the amounts of iron and slag obtained are of the same order. Iron ore, coke and limestone are fed into the furnace and the result- ing molten slag floats above the molten iron at a temperature of about 1500°C to 1600°C. After the molten iron is tapped off, the remaining molten slag, which consists of mainly siliceous and aluminous residue is then water-quenched rapidly, resulting in the formation of a glassy granulate. This glassy granulate is dried and ground to the required size, which is known as GGBS. The GGBS required in this study obtained from Ispats steel plant Surat. The GGBS which is used passes, 90% through 90 micron sieve. The aim of this work is to ascertain the performance of concrete mix containing GGBS as replacement of OPC and to compare it with the plain concrete mix of 20 grades. The chemical composition of GGBS is obtained from X-ray analy- sis at laboratoary and is shown in Table – 1. Table – 1 : Chemical Composition of GGBS Constituents % SiO 2 34.4 Al 2 O 3 21.5 Fe 2 O 3 0.2 CaO 33.2 MgO 9.5 K 2 O 0.39 Na 2 O 0.34 SO 3 0.66