International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods (IJARESM), ISSN: 2455-6211 Volume 10, Issue 5, May-2022, Impact Factor: 7.429, Available online at: www.ijaresm.com IJARESM Publication, India >>>> www.ijaresm.com Page 2704 A Review of Pharmacology in Endodontics Dr. Archan Dhanesha 1 , Dr. Deepak Sharma 2 , Dr. Manu Bansal 3 , Dr. Revtee Birajdar 4 , Dr. Anjali Singh 5 , Dr. Devanshi Sharma 6 1 PG III, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Jaipur Dental College, MaharajVinayak Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 2 Principal & Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Jaipur Dental College, MaharajVinayak Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 3 Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Jaipur Dental College, MaharajVinayak Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 4 Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Jaipur Dental College, MaharajVinayak Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 5 PG III, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Jaipur Dental College, MaharajVinayak Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 6 PG III, Department of Prosthodontics, Jaipur Dental College, MaharajVinayak Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India ---------------------------------------------------------*****************--------------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT Pharmacology is the science of drugs (Greek: Pharmacon-drugs; logos discourse in). The two main divisions of pharmacology are pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. It encompasses all aspects of knowledge about drugs, but most importantly those that are relevant to effective and safe use for medicinal purpose. Keywords: Analgesics, Antibiotics, Pain, Root Canal Therapy, Herbal INTRODUCTION Pain is the most predominantly associated symptoms with patients visit to dental office. The pain may arise due to either an endodontic cause or a periodontic cause, but the endodontic pain is the most commonly encountered by the dentists in their dental offices. 1 Pain control and infection management is the foremost aim while performing the endodontic therapy. Therefore, use of analgesics and antibiotics becomes an integral part of dental procedures for treating dental infections and providing pain free procedures. 2 So, we can say endodontic therapy is incomplete without pharmacologic management. 3 Therefore, the management of pain represent both a challenge and an opportunity. It is a challenge due to pharmacological (eg: reduced anesthetic success), behavioural (eg: patient apprehension) and practice management (eg: relationship with referring practioner) issues. Many of these factors can increase the stress of providing high quality clinical care to our patients. However, effective pain management also represent a unique opportunity to integrate pharmacological, procedural and behavioural skill in providing outstanding pain control in patients. Achieving successful endodontic pain control in a predictable and efficient manner requires a working knowledge of the underlying biology of the trigeminal pain system and the mechanisms by which available drugs and therapies provide relief. Equally important, a commensurate increase in analgesics clinical trials provides the clinician with a unique opportunity to develop biologically and evidences – based strategies for effectively treating endodontic pain patients. 4 Management of anxiety and fear in patients Fear and anxiety are common problem among dental patients, which could be due to treatment steps or armamentarium used for carrying out treatment. Fear and anxiety can sometimes lead to inevitable medical emergencies among patients which could be fatal for them. Enkling et al. reported that 67% of odontophobic patients a prior painful dental or medical experience was the primary cause of their fear, followed by fear of needles 33%. So it is mandatory to deal with fearful and anxious patients with proper clinical and medical protocols. Local Anaesthetics Local anaesthetics (LAs) are the drugs that, when applied topically or injected locally, block nerve conduction and cause reversible loss of all sensation in the part supplied by the nerve. The order of blockade of nerve function proceeds in the following manner pain, temperature, touch, pressure and finally skeletal muscle power.