Copyright © IFAC Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety for
Technical Processes, Kingston Upon Hull, UK, 1997
DECISION-MAKING APPROACHES FOR A
MODEL-BASED FDI METHOD.
Luis Javier de Miguel* Margarita Mediavilla *
Jose R. Peran·
• fdi@dali.eis.uva .es
lnstituto de Tecnologias A vanzadas de la Producci6n ,
Universidad de Valladolid. Spain
Abstract: This paper describes three ways of building a decision system for
quantitative model-based fault diagnosis. Some clues are given to apply the method to
qualitative model-based FDI. The aim is the management of uncertain and redundant
information provided by a residual generator. Although any residual generation
method may be considered , the input-output parity equation approach has been
used . The key point is the fault sensitivity estimations of the residuals, which lead
to define the decision rules. In the case of sensor and actuator faults: sensitivity
estimates are easily obtainable from the parity equations. Three ways to solve the
decision problem are described: fuzzy logic-based, direct weighting of symptoms and
directional properties. The proposed methods have been tested, first on simulation
and then on two laboratory control equipments : 3-tanks system and d.c motor system .
Copyright© 1998 IFAC
Keywords: Fault Detection and Diagnosis, Fuzzy Logic, Sensitivity Analysis,
Decision System
1. INTRODUCTION.
In the last decades several model-based fault
detection methods have been developed: Failure
Detection Filters (Patton et al., 1989) , Diag-
nostic Dedicated Observers (Patton et al. , 1989 ;
Frank , 1990) , Parity Equations from State Space
model (Chow and \Villsky, 1984; Willsky, 1976)
and Parity Equati ons from Input-Output model
(Gertler , 1988; Gertler and Luo. 1989).
Most of the recent research lines have focused
their interest in robustness issues(Patton. 1993;
Patton , 1994; Fang. 199:3: Wagner and Shoureshi.
1992: Fuente. 1994). However. modelling errors
are quite difficult t.o avoid in real applications. The
constrains of this kind of mode ls have motivated
the development of diagnostic knowledge-based
approach . (Tzafes t.a.'.i et al ., 198'/: Reiter, 1987;
Ulieru, 1994) However. some work has been made
707
on hybrid systems (Isermann, 1994; Isermann ,
1993 ; Frank , 1994; Ulieru. 1993; Miguel, 1994) .
A complete Fault Detection and Diagnosis System
may be represented as it is shown in figure 1
DAS
E.X'!"'..R.'lA!.
! N?U'l'S
-- -- - - .• LEARNI NG .. - --,
MO DULE
- - DEC!SrOS
__ GE..'iERATOR I M ODt'LE
Fig. 1. Modules of a Fault Detection and Isolation
System. (DAS: Data Acquisition System).