Engineering Failure Analysis 134 (2022) 105968 Available online 6 January 2022 1350-6307/© 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Review Limitations on the computational analysis of creep failure models: A review Mohsin Sattar a , A.R. Othman a, * , S. Kamaruddin a , Maaz Akhtar b , Rashid Khan c a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan 32610, Malaysia b Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan c College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia A R T I C L E INFO Keywords: Creep behavior Creep material models Damage evolution Creep rupture Creep prediction ABSTRACT Traditionally, the detection of the creep responses has been carried out using empirical methods containing multiple adjustable parameters. This makes it very diffcult to estimate the material’ creep behaviour outside the original data set. In recent years, the researchers have devised simple models for the prediction of creep properties, covering dislocation, particle and solid solution hardening. There are no adjustable parameters in these versions, these models are further explored in this study in order to establish an optimized solution for the creep analysis. This paper presents a review of the fve established models which are Norton Bailey, Omega, Kachanov- Rabotnov, Theta projection and Sine hyperbolic models. In depth analysis of these fve creep models was conducted, highlighting the signifcance of their application and the demerits of their usage. First, creep phenomenon was explained, followed by creep mechanism and creep crack growth characterization. Historical development of the models was explained briefy followed by creep material models limitations. With the help of case studies, pros and cons of using the models were further highlighted and comparison was drawn among the models. Finally, future devel- opment of creep prediction models and their scope came into limelight. It is anticipated that this review paper will become a reliable reference for the selection of creep prediction models. 1. Introduction Several projects have been launched to extend the life of the mechanical equipment to be beyond 10 6 h poses a challenge, as they are subjected to elevated temperature and pressure environment for a prolonged time as investigated by Homji and Jackson [1]. High operating pressures and temperatures, continuous mechanical and thermal loadings, and geometric discontinuities within the material may lead to various damage mechanisms as explained by Rao et al. [2]. One of the most critical damage mechanisms is ’creep,’ which is responsible for catastrophic failures of the equipment, if not correctly identifed. Understanding the creep behavior of different ma- terials is crucial, it will enable the researchers and engineers to accurately quantify the service life of the equipment, that are used in high temperatures processes, which are more susceptible to creep failures. For example, in the case of gas turbine blades which are vulnerable to creep and creep induced failures as depicted in Fig. 1 and recorded by Dundas et al. [3]. Since, the blades were exposed to high loadings and extreme temperatures, cracks due to creep occurred resulting in turbine collapses. Dundas et al. [3] explained * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: mohsin_19001375@utp.edu.my (M. Sattar), rahim.othman@utp.edu.my (A.R. Othman), shahrul.k@utp.edu.my (S. Kamaruddin), maaz@neduet.edu.pk (M. Akhtar), rakhan@imamu.edu.sa (R. Khan). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Engineering Failure Analysis journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/engfailanal https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105968 Received 7 June 2021; Received in revised form 22 November 2021; Accepted 10 December 2021