Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect
Materials Today: Proceedings 16 (2019) 1611–1616 www.materialstoday.com/proceedings
2214-7853 © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and/or Peer-review under responsibility of Biomedical and Advanced Materials (Biocam 2017).
Bio-CAM 2017
Thermal properties of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) filled
halloysite nanotube (HNT) bio-nanocomposite films
Kathiravan Suppiah
a
*, Teh Pei Leng
a
, Salmah Husseinsyah
a
, Rozyanty Rahman
a
,
Yeoh Cheow Keat
a
, CW Heng
a
a
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Division of Polymer Engineering, School of Materials Engineering, 02600 Jejawi, Perlis, Malaysia.
Abstract
This paper covered the effect of halloysite nanotube (HNT) content on thermal properties and moisture content of carboxymethyl
cellulose (CMC)/halloysite nanotube (HNT) bio-nanocomposite films. The CMC/HNT bio-nanocomposite films were prepared
by solvent casting method. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the addition of HNT nanofiller enhanced the
thermal stability of CMC/HNT bio-nanocomposites. The results showed the thermal degradation temperature (T
d1
and T
d2
) and
residue remaining (char yields) at 800ºC increased with increasing HNT filler. This indicated the effective dispersion of HNT
nanofiller in CMC matrix in bio-nanocomposites. Meanwhile, the moisture content of CMC/HNT bio-nanocomposite films
decreased with increasing HNT content.
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and/or Peer-review under responsibility of Biomedical and Advanced Materials (Biocam 2017).
Keywords: Carboxymethyl cellulose, Halloysite nanotube, Bionanocomposite films, Thermal properties, TGA, DTG, Moisture content
1. Introduction
Lately, the development of environmental friendly, degradable biopolymers has attracted extensive interest due to
the reduced waste accumulation at the end of the life cycle compared to the petroleum-based synthetic polymers.
Besides, the biocomposites consists of matrix material as biopolymer also believed to degrade the internal part of the
composite by embedding with natural reinforcing fillers. Among the biopolymers, cellulose ether derivatives, in
particular carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a typical anionic linear polysaccharide and considered as a promising
industrial polymer by possessing bundle of benefits. CMC is being widely used in various applications due to its
unique characteristics such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, transparency, high viscosity, non-toxic and
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +6-018-2704851; fax: +604-9798178.
E-mail address: kathiravansuppiah@gmail.com