©2021 Scienceweb Publishing Age related variations of the mandibular condyle in a sample of Saudi population Khounganian RM 1 * • AlDosimani MA 2 • AlZahrani AH 2 • Samiti SM 3 • AlKarni OA 3 • AlSultan MF 3 • AlKalbi FM 4 1 Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 3 General Dentist, BDS Graduate, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 4 Saudi Board Resident in Restorative Dentistry (SBARD), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. *Corresponding author. E-mail: ritak@ksu.edu.sa. Accepted 2 nd December, 2020. Abstract. This research aimed to assess the structural and morphological variations in shape and size of the condylar head with age and gender in a sample of Saudi population. Radiographic evaluation of the bilateral condylar heads shape and size were measured on CBCT images and statistically analyzed using SPSS 22.0. There was a considerable variation in shape and size of the condyles among males and females with age. The shapes of the condyles varied between convex, round, flat and angled. The most predominant and statistically significant shape in both right and left condyles was convex (P < 0.05). Whereas, there was no significant difference according to shape between the right and left condyles among males and females with increased age. Using the student t-test; there was a statistically significant difference in the ML dimensions between the right (P = 0.006) and left condyle (P = 0.040) between males and females and with increased age (P = 0.00) but with no statistically significant difference between the AP dimensions of the right and left condyle with gender and age (P > 0.05). The morphology of the mandibular condyle was subject to significant linear age-related changes in shape and size with no significant gender differences. There was an obvious decrease in length and width with age in both genders. Condylar length was significantly greater among males and gradually decreased in size with age. Keywords: Mandibular condyle, CBCT, shape, size, Anteroposterior (AP), Mediolateral (ML). INTRODUCTION The appearance of the mandibular condyle greatly varies among diverse individuals. Morphologic deviations may arise based on simple developmental alterations as well as remodeling of the condyle to accommodate developmental aberrations, malocclusion, trauma, endocrine disorders, radiation therapy and other conditions (Alomar et al., 2007; Standring, 2005). The condyle is unique because any manifestations of the mandibular development are led by the mandibular condyle (Ross and Johnston, 1994). Different genetic acquired and functional factors may also play a major role in the morphologic outcome of the condyle (Hegde et al., 2013). Several investigators stated that the mandibular condyle significantly differed in dimensions and form with age, sex, facial type, occlusal force, functional load, and type of occlusion and between the two sides (Hegde et al., 2013; Neto et al., 2010). Condylar size in men was reported to be greater than in women and midline deviations significantly led to an increase in the size of Journal of Educational Research and Reviews Vol. 9(1), pp. 6-12, January 2021 doi: 10.33495/jerr_v9i1.20.213 ISSN: 2384-7301 Research Paper