Analysis of India Outbound FDI
Determinants Using Gravity Model
Approach
Zoha Asghar and Pankaj Kumar Gupta
Abstract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has emerged as an important factor in the
economic growth of nations worldwide. In the context of developing and transition
economies, FDI does not only serve as a source of finance for economic develop-
ment, but also acts an interactive face of Multinational Enterprises for export and
deployment of capital assets thereby boosting the home domestic markets. In devel-
oping economies like India, both inward and outward FDI investments have shown
a tremendous increase in the recent decade. Though various researches have been
conducted to examine the patterns of and factors affecting inbound FDI investment,
we find a significant research gap in relation to the trends and determinants of Out-
ward FDI (OFDI) particularly in the context of macroeconomic indicators like GDP
and GFC. We, therefore examine the determinants of Indian OFDI using a gravity
model approach applied to investments made in selected European countries that
account for the major share of OFDI for a period of 2011–2016. Results indicate that
all selected macroeconomic variables have a significant influence on OFDI. Also,
the need for Natural Resources, Market Size and Openness and Technology seeking
motives are the key determinants of Indian OFDI to European nations.
Keywords FDI · Outward FDI · Gravity model · GDP
1 Introduction
Foreign Direct Investment has conventionally been an indicator of the global financial
health and of the investment climate for all economies. The swing in the OFDI by
developing and transition economies is a matter of debate and has attracted the
attention of researchers for exploration with respect to its determinants. The impact
Z. Asghar (B ) · P. K. Gupta
Centre for Management Studies, JMI University, New Delhi 110025, India
e-mail: zoha.phd2016@gmail.com
P. K. Gupta
e-mail: pkgfms@gmail.com
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
D. Procházka (ed.), Global Versus Local Perspectives on Finance
and Accounting, Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11851-8_4
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