International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications ISSN (Online): 2581-6187 45 Alejandro A. Jalil and Algaib P. Taib, “Carbon Efficiency Ratio of Eggplant Production in Zamboanga City, Philippines,” International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications (IJMRAP), Volume 5, Issue 8, pp. 45-47, 2023. Carbon Efficiency Ratio of Eggplant Production in Zamboanga City, Philippines Alejandro A. Jalil* 1 , Algaib P. Taib 1 1 College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Basilan State College, Lamitan City, Philippines *Corresponding Author: Alejandro A. Jalil, Email: jalil.basc@gmail.com Abstract— The research study entitled Carbon Efficiency Ratio of Eggplant Production was conducted in Zamboanga City, Philippines, and aims to estimate the input-output carbon of eggplant production and to determine its carbon efficiency ratio. The eggplant production obtained the input carbon of 3,698.91CO2e kg -1 derived from the total energy inputs (TEI), the total energy inputs are the sum of ‘direct energy input (DEI), indirect energy input (IEI)’ and embedded energy input (EEI) was converted into Liter Diesel Oil Equivalent (LDOE), 1.0 LDOE were equal to 11.414 Mcal unit -1 and multiplied by 3.96 kg CO2e emission to obtain the carbon dioxide emission. The crop establishment activity obtained the highest input carbon of 58.35% potential share of carbon emission, followed by pre-land preparation of 38.46% potential share, while harvest and pre-harvest obtain 2.13%, among the entire activities, the crop management activity obtained the lowest input carbon of 1.06% potential share. The eggplant production has a carbon output of 4,081.99 CO2e kg -1 . The entire eggplant production system obtained a net carbon of 463.81 CO2e kg-1 mainly derived from output carbon less input carbon, obtaining the carbon efficiency (ratio) was derived from output carbon divided by input carbon that gives the result of 1.13. The carbon efficiency ratio was related to the average yield of eggplant. This shows that the existing cultural practices of eggplant production in the city are carbon neutral whereas it does not emit carbon to the atmosphere beyond the output carbon produced from the production of eggplant. It implies that the amount of carbon emitted is the amount of carbon sequestered. Keywords— Total Energy Inputs, Input Carbon, Output Carbon, Carbon efficiency ratio. I. INTRODUCTION Climate change is one of the most prominent global issues that have attracted the attention of global academic researchers, policymakers, and other related professionals. Climate change has caused several issues, such as global warming, ecological imbalance, technological issues, economic issues, and societal issues. Increasing concentration of greenhouse gas emissions is considered a prime cause for these issues [4][10]. Amongst the greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide has been considered the most prominent contributor to global climate change [19][18]. Human interventions are now increasing the number of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to climate change. These changes are affecting many human activities, including agriculture [17]. If this phenomenon is not properly addressed, humans will suffer from heat-related illnesses, disasters, and even death attributed to these hazards globally. Due to these issues, governments and policymakers around the world are implementing solutions to neutralize carbon emissions like enhancing the carbon sink. Enhancing carbon sink is a good strategy to neutralize carbon emissions and as well as the finding of Flores [2] that some agricultural crops are carbon neutral. One way to test whether the crops are carbon neutral is by using the carbon efficiency ratio done by Flores [2]. Hence, this study aims to estimate the input-to-output carbon of eggplant production and to determine its carbon efficiency ratio of the work of Taib [15]. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS Site selection and time of study The study used the purposive sampling technique in selecting the sampling unit due to difficulty in finding the location of the farmers that engaged in eggplant production. The study was conducted in Zamboanga city, Philippines. Fig. 1. Study site map adapted from Taib [15]. Collection of data The Data were collected from the published paper entitled Net Energy Use and Carbon Emission Equivalent of Tomato and Eggplant Production in Zamboanga City, Philippines of Taib [15]. The carbon input is derived from the energy inputs of various activities applied to eggplant production such as pre- land preparation, crop establishment, crop management, harvest, and pre-harvest. Calculating input carbon The total energy inputs are the sum of ‘direct energy input (DEI)’ including the use of diesel/gasoline to run the machines for farm operations and transport of farm products, while the ‘indirect energy input (IEI)’ were seeds used, NPK fertilizers,