Research Article
Dynamic Modeling and Robust Control by ADRC of
Grid-Connected Hybrid PV-Wind Energy Conversion System
Imad Aboudrar , Soumia El Hani, Mohamed Saleck Heyine, and Nisrine Naseri
Energy Optimization, Diagnosis and Control, Centre de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de l’Ing´ enieur et de la Sant´ e,
ENSET, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
Correspondence should be addressed to Imad Aboudrar; imad.aboudrar@um5s.net.ma
Received 19 June 2019; Accepted 13 September 2019; Published 20 October 2019
Academic Editor: Antonino Laudani
Copyright © 2019 Imad Aboudrar et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
is work presents linear and nonlinear control strategies applied to a grid-connected multiple-source renewable energy system
(wind and photovoltaic), in order to extract the maximum power and to enhance the control of the active and reactive powers. A
new robust control strategy known as the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is proposed and applied to the hybrid
renewable energy system (HRES), and it is based on the extended state observer (ESO) which allows us to estimate the internal and
external disturbances such as modeling errors and parameter variations. e studied system consists of two conversion chains
which are linked via a common DC bus and interconnected to the grid through a voltage source inverter (VSI); the first chain
consists of a PV system and a DC-DC boost converter, and the second chain consists of a direct-driven wind turbine, permanent
magnetic synchronous generator (PMSG), and of a AC/DC rectifier converter. e extraction of maximum power from the PV
system and the wind energy conversion system is ensured by using the voltage based perturb and observe (VPO) and the optimal
torque control (OTC) MPPTtechniques, respectively. e ADRC technique is utilized to control the active and reactive powers by
acting on the grid currents. In order to verify and validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, a detailed model of the
studied system is designed and evaluated under the MATLAB/Simulink software. e simulation results prove the effectiveness of
the MPPT techniques in terms of maximum power extraction during the variation in the environmental conditions. Additionally,
the regulation of active and reactive powers is ensured by ADRC, and the system is operating at a unity power factor. Moreover, it
is demonstrated that the suggested strategy is efficient in terms of fast tracking and robustness to internal and external dis-
turbances compared to the classical PI controller.
1. Introduction
Since the beginning of the century, global energy con-
sumption has been growing very strongly in all regions of
the world. It seems that, on a trend basis, energy con-
sumption will continue to increase, driven by economic
growth on the one hand and by the increase in per capita
electricity consumption on the other hand, regardless of the
scenarios considered [1]. For this reason, renewable ener-
gies appear today and in the long term as the solution that
covers this energy requirement by reducing the major
disadvantages of fossil fuels such as greenhouse emissions
[2]. ey have become an essential form of energy due to
their flexibility, simplicity, use, and the multiplicity of fields
of activity in which they are called upon to play a role. ese
modes of production, as well as the associated means of
distribution, are subject to deep changes over the next few
decades [3].
Available in quantities greater than humanity’s current
energy needs, the resources of renewable energy also rep-
resent an opportunity for more than two billion people,
living in remote areas, to have access to electricity. However,
these renewable energy sources have a drawback that their
output characteristic change becomes extreme because it
significantly depends on climatic conditions, as solar irra-
diance and temperature in PV systems and wind speed in
the wind turbines [4]. Consequently for better operation of
these systems, maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
Hindawi
Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Volume 2019, Article ID 8362921, 19 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8362921