Commentary
Pakistan is one of the repaid growing countries in Asia.
Likewise, breast cancer is also a signiïcant health issue in
Pakistan. In rural areas of Pakistan, due to inherited
diseases, the problem of breast cancer is developing
rapidly among young females. Likewise, ovarian, cervical
and uterine cancers are common problems faced by rural
and urban women in Pakistan [1]. Breast cancer is a
universal health problem among women; thus, every year,
many women are detected with breast cancer. Cancer
starts when cells begin to grow out of control. Tissues of
the breast are made up of milk-manufacturing glands
known as “lobules”; thus”, they connect the lobules to the
nipple. In addition, the breast also comprises lymphatic,
connective and fatty tissues [2]. Studies show that
heredity, ageing, obesity, alcohol use, smoking, radiation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v3i07.363
Durrani MRAA et al.,
Causes and Precaution of Breast Cancer Among Women
1 1 1 2* 3
Muhammad Roman Al_Ala Durrani , Muhammad Imran Khan , Syed Yawer Ali Shah , Muhammad Jamil , Alamgir Khan
3
and Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Butt
¹Department of Sports Sciences & Physical Education, University of Sciences and Technology Bannu, Pakistan
²Center of Physical Education, Health & Sports Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
³Department of Sports Sciences & Physical Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
exposure and hormone replacement therapy are the
common causes of breast cancer among women. Smoker
women have a great risk of breast cancer. The study also
showed that females who have been smoking for ten years
are 10 % higher risk of breast cancer [3-5]. As per the
report, in 2015, 1.1 billion individuals around the globe
smoked tobacco. The prevalence of adult smoking in the
UK, as per a survey in 2016, was 16%. Thus the ratio was
found more in males as compared to women. In addition,
the most severe problem, i.e. cancer, is considered
associated with smoking [6, 7]. Research evidence shows
that breast cancer is associated with smoking. To avoid
breast cancer or to prevent breast cancer, it is essential,
particularly for affected females of breast cancer, to
reduce or to change their lifestyle patterns, particularly
Causes and Precaution of Breast Cancer
INTRODUCTION
Cancer is one of the severe health problems recognized around the globe. As a primary health
concern, causes and precautionary measures are still unknown to the public. Therefore, the
purpose of this study was to review the available literature to unpin the causes and
precautionary measures of breast cancers among women. The available literature indicates
that heredity, ageing, obesity, alcohol use, smoking, radiation exposure and hormone
replacement therapy are the common causes of breast cancer among women. The literature
also suggests that avoiding the use of alcohol, smoking, physical inactivity, maintaining weight,
limiting postmenopausal hormone therapy etc., are the best precautionary measures for
consumers among women.
A R T I C L E I N F O ABSTRACT
How to Cite:
Roman Al_Ala Durrani, M. ., Imran Khan, M. ., Yawer Ali
Shah, S. ., Jamil, M. ., Khan, A. ., & Zafar Iqbal Butt, M. .
(2022). Causes and Precaution of Breast Cancer
Among Women: Causes and Precaution of Breast
Cancer. Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences, 3(07).
https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v3i07.363
Key Words:
Causes, Precaution, Breast, Cancer, Women
*Corresponding Author:
Muhammad Jamil
Center of Physical Education, Health & Sports
Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
meharjamil88@gmail.com
PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES
https://thejas.com.pk/index.php/pjhs
Volume 3, Issue 7 (December 2022)
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