lymphocytes was significant higher in preterm neonates then in term neonates (78.9 ± 49.2 vs 1.3 ± 1 pg/ml; p < 0.001). After stimulation with PHA an increase in IFNg levels was observed both in preterm (93.4 ±30.8 pg/ml) and in term neonates (316.3±98.5 pg/ml), but the difference attained significance only in term infants (p < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest that T-cell immune response depends on the gestational age. A Th2 immune response seems predominant in preterm neonates while term neonates show a shift toward a Th1 response. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.09.045 Abstract UENPS.30 Neonatal pain — What are we afraid of? Paulina Kobiela⁎, Iwona Domzalska-Popadiuk, Anna Kawinska-Kilianczyk, Iwona Janczewska Medical University, Gdansk, Poland Background and aim The challenge of modern neonatology is not only survival of the patients but also quality of their life. Pain is one of the aspects of quality of life that is especially lacking reliable, evidence based knowledge. Although we know that neonates perceive pain it is often untreated, what has negative influence on the neonate's morbidity and future quality of life. The reasons of this undertreatment are unknown. The aim of the study was to assess and compare opinions, level of knowledge about the pain perception, sources of pain and methods of its treatment in neonates among healthcare professionals. Materials and methods An anonymous questionnaire assessing the knowledge and opinions about pain perception in neonates, procedures causing pain and methods of pain recognition, prevention and treatment was designed. The knowledge of 40 doctors and 90 nurses working in Neonatal and Pediatric Units of Tricity (Poland) was assessed. Results The results indicate that healthcare professionals are aware of pain perception in mature and premature neonates. Almost 70% of doctors are not afraid of using analgesics in comparison to 2% of nurses. Nurses are unwilling to administer analgesics because of lack of guidelines for use of analgesics in neonates (36%) and possibility of overdosing (33%) and addiction (30%). The best pain prevention according to doctors opinion are breastfeeding (90%), hugging children (87%) and dummy sucking (73%), according to nurses vitamin C (95%), hugging children (80%) and dummy sucking (70%), only 21% of them indicated breastfeeding. The opinions about long term effects of untreated pain differed significantly among the studied groups of healthcare professionals. 72% of doctors indicate that it has no long term effects on neonates, only 7% of nurses indicate this answer. Both doctors (80%) and nurses (84%) believe that sedatives are the best drugs for pain treatment in neonates. Conclusions Healthcare professionals are aware of pain occurrence and need of its treatment among neonates. Nurses are much more afraid of analgesics administration than doctors, they are also less aware of non-pharmacological methods of pain prevention. Unfortunately, both doctors and nurses incorrectly interpret analgesic effect of some drugs. Improvement in both under- and postgraduate neonatal pain education is required. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.09.046 Abstract UENPS.31 Pain and stress assessment after retinopathy of prematurity screening examination: A comparison study between indirect ophthalmoscopy and digital fundus imaging MTeresa Moral, Sonia Caserio, Carmen Pallas, Javier De La Cruz, María Arriaga⁎, Lucía Martinez, Clara Alonso, Pilar Tejada Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain Background and aim Screening programmes of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) have shown to be effective in reducing unfavourable visual outcomes. Some neonatal procedures are known to convey negative effects on the developing brain of very premature babies. ROP screening examination with conventional binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO) is associated with pain and stress. Digital fundus camera (Retcam) is an ophthalmological examination device that allows to perform a less invasive examination technique. The aim of this study is to compare the impact of using a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope or a digital fundus camera on pain and stress in babies undergoing ROP screening examination. Materials and methods Observational longitudinal study with prospective data collection. Premature babies eligible for ROP screening (local eligibility criteria<1250 g or <31 weeks) were examined with both BIO and Retcam. Interval between both examinations was set at 5 days. All babies received sucrose 2 min before the ophthamological examina- tion. The CRIES scale is a tool for measuring postoperative pain in the neonate. The scale may be taken over time to monitor the infant's recovery or response to interventions (minimum score: 0; maximum: 10). CRIES score was assessed just before each examination, and 30 s, 1 h and 24 h after. Non- parametric paired comparisons of CRIES estimates were performed at each point in time, and for differences from baseline. Results During the study period 70 ophthalmological examinations were performed in 22 infants summing up to 264 pain assessments. Baseline CRIES score ranged from 0 to 2, median = 0. After the examination, CRIES score ranged from 0 to 7, medium = 2 (30 s after); from 0 to 2, medium = 0 (1 h after), and from 0 to 1, md =0 (24 h after the examination). At 30 s median (interquartile range) CRIES score was 1 point lower for Retcam than for BIO, respectively 1 (1–2) vs. 2 (2–3), p = 0.0003; the increase from baseline was also lower for Retcam than for BIO, respectively 1 (1–2) vs. 2 (1–3), p =0.0001. At 1 h and 24 h after the examination, CRIES score did not show differences between techniques. Conclusions Screening for retinopathy of prematurity with digital fundus imaging is associated with a significantly lower pain and stress related short term response than conventional indirect ophthalmoscopy. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.09.047 Abstract UENPS.32 Congenital hydrocephaly in a lot of premature newborns Marioara Boia⁎, E.S. Boia, Daniela Iacob, Aniko Manea, Mirabela Dima University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania Background and aim Diagnostical framing of the echography find out disease, correlation between the imaging and clinical marks, setting of the evolutional stage and therapeutical indication. Abstracts S19