Cellulose-Based Nanomaterials for Water Pollutant Remediation: Review 10 Mohd Yusuf Contents Introduction ...................................................................................... 214 Types of Cellulose-Based Nanomaterials (CBNs) .............................................. 215 Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) ............................................................. 216 Cellulose Nanofibers (CNFs) ................................................................ 217 Cellulose Nanowhiskers (CNWs) ........................................................... 217 Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC) .............................................................. 218 Algal Nanocellulose (ANC) ................................................................. 219 Wastewater Treatment by CBNs ................................................................ 219 Filtration-Processed Wastewater Treatments of CBNs ...................................... 219 Sorption-Mediated Wastewater Treatments of CBNs ....................................... 220 Conclusion and Future Outlook ................................................................. 225 References ....................................................................................... 225 Abstract In the present scenario, green nanomaterials and nanocomposites have been developed and utilized for environmental applications. They can minimize adverse environmental impacts with enhanced eco-friendliness, sustainability, and applicability, and are the eco-friendly solutions in regards the need of current era. Green polymer nanocomposites, generated from the renewable sources (i.e., animals, plants, and microbes) have received a great attention for various environmental applications to maintain sustainable world. There are many varieties of CBNs have been synthesized and nanotechnology in partic- ular has wide applications including wastewater treatment due to their high M. Yusuf (*) Department of Chemistry, YMD College, Maharshi Dayanand University, Nuh, Haryana, India e-mail: yusuf1020@gmail.com © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 O. V. Kharissova et al. (eds.), Handbook of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36268-3_17 213