ABSTRACT
An ignition delay correlation was developed for a toluene
reference fuel (TRF) blend that is representative of
automotive gasoline fuels exhibiting two-stage ignition.
Ignition delay times for the autoignition of a TRF 91 blend
with an antiknock index of 91 were predicted through
extensive chemical kinetic modeling in CHEMKIN for a
constant volume reactor. The development of the correlation
involved determining nonlinear least squares curve fits for
these ignition delay predictions corresponding to different
inlet pressures and temperatures, a number of fuel-air
equivalence ratios, and a range of exhaust gas recirculation
(EGR) rates. In addition to NO
X
control, EGR is
increasingly being utilized for managing combustion phasing
in spark ignition (SI) engines to mitigate knock. Therefore,
along with other operating parameters, the effects of EGR on
autoignition have been incorporated in the correlation to
address the need for predicting ignition delay in SI engines
operating with EGR. Unlike the ignition delay expressions
available in literature for primary reference fuel blends, the
correlation developed in the present study can predict ignition
delay for a TRF blend, a more realistic gasoline surrogate.
1. INTRODUCTION
Two of the means to achieve the objective of improved fuel
economy in spark ignition (SI) engines are (a) improving the
fuel conversion (thermal) efficiency by increasing the
compression ratio, and (b) increasing the specific output
(brake power per unit displacement) through turbocharging
and downsizing the engine. The ability to raise in-cylinder
peak pressures in either mechanism is, however, limited by
knock. Accurate prediction of autoignition phasing is thus
critical in designing engines with improved efficiency.
Clearly, such a prediction also is pertinent to the
homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI)
technology, which relies on controlled autoignition through
compression of the homogeneously mixed oxidizer-fuel
mixture. Detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms can be
employed to predict autoignition. However, their sheer
complexity presents a serious challenge in terms of directly
incorporating them in engine simulation or computational
fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. Therefore, there is a need for a
computationally feasible autoignition model that accurately
captures the complexity of fuel oxidation in SI engines under
varying operating conditions and is easy to use. This need has
prompted the development of empirical autoignition models.
A pressure-temperature correlation of the form
Ignition Delay Correlation for Predicting
Autoignition of a Toluene Reference Fuel Blend in
Spark Ignition Engines
2011-01-0338
Published
04/12/2011
Asim Iqbal
Ohio State Univ.
Ahmet Selamet
Ohio State Univ
Ronald Reese
Chrysler
Roger Vick
Chrysler Powertrain Engrg
Copyright © 2011 SAE International
doi: 10.4271/2011-01-0338