Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment, 2023, 11, 47-54 47
E-ISSN: 2292-2598/23 © 2023 Lifescience Global
A Digital Diagnosis Tool for Children with Dyslexia against Similar
Criteria DSM-5
Narjees Abdulghaffar Bazuhair
1,*
and Naseem Abdulghaffar Bazuhair
2
1
Applied College, University of Tabouk, Tabouk, Saudi Arabia
2
Assistant professor in Business Management, University of Tabouk, Tabouk, Saudi Arabia
Abstract: Background: we stand on the fact that what makes diagnosing dyslexia difficult is that students with dyslexia
are of very normal or even extraordinary intelligence. It is important to prepare a tool that enables the initial diagnosis of
this disorder, and in the light of its results, a report is formulated on the degree of injury of the person being tested.
Aims: The aim is to develop a reliable and validated tool for children with dyslexia.
Methods: A convenience sampling method was used to select children aged 4-8 years as the study population. Inclusion
criteria were (1) age between 4 and 8 years; (2) be able to speak; and (3) Keep attending kindergarten and school.
Children's parents and teachers were given full information about the study, and all signed an informed written consent
form. Ninety children were included in this study. Word spelling Test, Letter rapid automatized naming Test, Recognition
of a first sound test, Deletion of a first sound test, Blending test, and Segmentation test was developed and used.
Findings: The content validity of all tests was measured. The correlation coefficients between each subscale and the
total scale ranged from 0.54 to 0.58.
Conclusion: This tool is expected to assist teachers in identifying, accurately assessing, and formulating a learning
program that fits the abilities and needs of the children.
Keywords: Digital diagnosis tool, children, dyslexia, criteria, DSM-5.
INTRODUCTION
In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders – DSM-5 [1], dyslexia is
labeled reading disorder (dyslexia) and is grouped
together with mathematical disorders and disorders of
written expression under the overarching diagnosis
Specific Learning Disorder, which in turn is placed in
the broader category of Neurodevelopmental
Disorders. So, similar criteria DSM-5 will be our base
for this digital tool.
This disorder has a genetic root. For example, if
parents have this disorder, there is a 40% chance that
children will also be affected, which occurs in females
and males [1-6]. Many children with this disorder have
normal intelligence and receive appropriate education
and parental support, but they find it difficult to learn
some skills.
Dyslexia is usually discovered at the age of
enrollment of children in primary school, which is the
age at which the child begins to learn to read [4]. It
causes problems in reading, writing, and spelling, but
the British Dyslexia Association, for its part, sees the
state of dyslexia. Its effects are not limited to the ability
*Address correspondence to this author at the Applied College, University of
Tabouk, Tabouk, Saudi Arabia; Tel: +966 50 233 7126;
E-mail: nbazuhair@ut.edu.sa
to read and spell but also extend to the ability to
coordinate things, organization, and memory, and
specialists consider that the term "dyslexia" is too
narrow to describe all learning difficulties and that
Because learning difficulties are usually broader than
just reading difficulties [3].
They have many types of knowledge. However,
specialists also agree that "dyslexia" is the most
famous LD and the one that attracts the attention of
scholars because reading is the basic skill through
which the student opens up in the early stages of his
education towards many other skills and learns through
them. Scholars also consider that the presence of
several students who suffer from RD in the classroom
causes problems for educators, many of whom still
suffer from a lack of knowledge about the dimensions
of the health problem and its causes [2,3].
Learning to read starts with memorizing the shape
of the word. It is necessary to memorize the letters and
know their shape, sound, and method of reading and
writing. It is also possible and natural for the child to flip
the shape of the letters. Close to each other in reading
and writing, and sometimes they miss writing dots on
the letters of the alphabet [4]
The media in the Arab countries is almost devoid of
material that seeks to raise awareness of "dyslexia"
disorder and the way to deal with it, in light of the