1162 Copyright © 2013, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Chapter 59 INTRODUCTION Robots have been in human’s minds for centuries, but robot technology was primarily developed in the mid and late 20th century (Goodrich and Schultz, 2007). At this first time, this technology was designed for a scientific proposes to solve, improve or increases industrial processes. Nowa- days, their presence at home and general society become ever more common (Argall and Billard, 2010). Then, a study of robot behavior with a hu- man is necessary to design, understanding, and evaluation of robotic system, that involve humans and robots interacting through communication. For this, multidisciplinary fields of human-robot interaction (HRI) emerge in the mid 1990s and early years of 2000 (Goodrich and Schultz, 2007). Fields that help scientists to construct social or sociable robots have contributions from lin- guistics, psychology, philosophy, engineering, mathematics, cognitive and computer science (Brezeal, 2002). From a computer view, several Renato Ramos da Silva Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil Roseli Aparecida Francelin Romero Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil Computer Vision for Learning to Interact Socially with Humans ABSTRACT Computer vision is essential to develop a social robotic system capable to interact with humans. It is responsible to extract and represent the information around the robot. Furthermore, a learning mecha- nism, to select correctly an action to be executed in the environment, pro-active mechanism, to engage in an interaction, and voice mechanism, are indispensable to develop a social robot. All these mechanisms together provide a robot emulate some human behavior, like shared attention. Then, this chapter presents a robotic architecture that is composed with such mechanisms to make possible interactions between a robotic head with a caregiver, through of the shared attention learning with identifcation of some objects. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-3994-2.ch059