Research Article Floristic Composition, Structure, and Regeneration Status of Woody Plants in Wonjeta St Micheal Church Forest, Northwestern Ethiopia Amare Bitew Mekonnen and Wubetie Adnew Wassie Bahir Dar University, Department of Biology, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia Correspondence should be addressed to Wubetie Adnew Wassie; wubet42@gmail.com Received 9 November 2022; Revised 18 February 2023; Accepted 6 April 2023; Published 20 April 2023 Academic Editor: Pablo M. Vergara Copyright © 2023 Amare Bitew Mekonnen and Wubetie Adnew Wassie. Tis is an open access article distributed under the CreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,provided the original work is properly cited. Te study was conducted in a historian Wonjeta St Michael Church Forest, believed to be constructed in 11 th century in Northwestern Ethiopia. Te composition, structure, and management of this forest is not documented. Fifty plots of 20 m × 20m (400m 2 ) were laid along fve•line transect for vegetation data collection. In addition, 5 m × 5 m subplots were laid within the main plot to sample seedlings and saplings. All plots were laid at a distance of 50 m along the transect lines. Te diversity and population structure of woody individuals of trees and shrubs with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 2.5 cm and height ≥2 m were measured, and DBH <2.5cmandheight <2 m were counted as seedlings and saplings. All trees and shrubs recorded in the 50 plots wereusedforvegetationstructureanalysis.Atotalof65woodyplantspeciesin53generaand33familieswererecorded.Outofthe total number of species, three were found to be endemic to Ethiopia. Te family Fabaceae had the highest number of species, followed by Moraceae, and then Euphorbiaceae with 14, 6, and 4 species, respectively. Te results of Shannon Wiener diversity and evenness indices of woody species were 2.8 and 0.68, respectively. Woody species densities for mature individuals were 2,202.5 stems ha −1 , seedling 2419.2 stems ha −1 , and sapling 1737.6 stems ha −1 . Priority for conservation should be given using population structure, important value index, and regeneration status as criteria. Results of the structural analysis revealed that the Forest is highly dominated by small•sized trees and shrubs indicating that it is in the stage of secondary development and there are species that require urgent conservation measures. 1.Introduction Tropical forests are biologically diversifed ecosystems with high species richness, evenness, net primary production (NPP), and biomass accumulation due to prevailing fa• vorable environmental conditions[1]. Tey are, however, highly threatened by anthropogenic activities [2]. De• forestation is still alarmingly high in the tropical region resulting formation of small patches of fragmented forests [3]. Loss of forest cover and biodiversity due to anthro• pogenic activities is a growing concern in many parts of the world. Africa’s forest cover is estimated to be 650 million hectares constituting 17% of the world’s forests including several global biodiversity hotspots [4]. Ethiopia is one of the top 25 biodiversity•rich countries in the world and hosts two of the world’s biodiversity hotspots, namely, the Eastern Afromontane and the Horn of Africa hotspots. It is also among the countries in the Horn of Africa regarded as the chief Centre of diversity and endemism for several plant species. Te Ethiopian fora is estimated to have about 6000 species of higher plants, of which 10% have considered to be endemic [5]. Woody plants constitute about 1000 species [6]. Tis richness in biodiversity is due to topographical diversity with fat• topped plateaus, high mountains, river valleys, deep gorges, rolling plains, and variation of altitude ranging from 116 to 4620 meter above sea level (m.a.s.l.) [7]; (IBC, 2014). Hindawi Scientifica Volume 2023, Article ID 4061029, 10 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4061029