TIME-VARYING INTEGRATION OF MENA STOCK MARKETS
SOMAR AL-MOHAMED
American University of the Middle East,
Kuwait
NASSER ELKANJ*
American University of the Middle East,
Kuwait
PARTHA GANGOPADHYAY,
Western Sydney University,
Australia
This paper examines the time-varying financial integration in the Middle East and North Africa
(MENA) countries: Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi
Arabia, Tunisia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in pre and post-crisis sub-periods. The paper
apply Bekaert and Harvey (1995) International Capital Asset Pricing Model (ICAPM) with regime
switching mechanism, including both, constant and time-varying transition probabilities. The results
indicates that stock markets of Egypt, Jordan Morocco and UAE appear to be integrated to world
stock market; while the stock market of Bahrain, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and
Tunisia appear to be segmented from world stock market. In general, the stock markets in MENA
region exhibit a variation in their degree of integration with world stock market except for Lebanon
and Qatar.
Key words: Time varying financial integration, International capital asset pricing model, DCC-
GARCH
Introduction
The developments and upgrades of emerging stock markets have led to emergence of new
investment opportunities. The research in international fnance has become more concerned
with potential diversifcation benefts in emerging markets. The emerging stock markets of
MENA region are considered as promising investment opportunity. In the past two decades,
MENA countries have gone through a period of important steps to improve economic
and fnancial integration such as substantial improvement in business environment and
regulatory framework, accompanied with increased economic harmonization and fnancial
International Journal of Development and Confict
8(2018) 85–114
Corresponding author, Email: nasserelkanj@yahoo.com
Copyright © Somar Al-Mohamed, Nasser Elkanj and Partha Gangopadhyay, Licensed under the Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial License 3.0