ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
www.orientjchem.org
An International Open Access, Peer Reviewed Research Journal
ISSN: 0970-020 X
CODEN: OJCHEG
2022, Vol. 38, No.(1):
Pg. 102-105
This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons license: Attribution 4.0 International (CC- BY).
Published by Oriental Scientifc Publishing Company © 2018
Gadolinium and Thulium Doping to Perovskite Structured
Strontium Titanates at Strontium and Titanium Sites
RAMANJEET KAUR
1
* and ANAND K TYAGI
2
1
Department of Applied Sciences, SBSSTC, I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University,
Kapurthala, 144603 (Punjab) India.
2
Vice Chancellor, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi (UP) India.
*Corresponding author E-mail: ramanjeetgill99@gmail.com, anandktyagi@gmail.com
http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/380112
(Received: June 07, 2021; Accepted: January 01, 2022)
AbSTRACT
Low temperature sol gel novel technique has been employed, in the work here, to fabricate
gadolinium and thulium doped strontium titanates with nominal composition; Sr
1-a
Gd
a
Ti
1-b
Tm
b
O
3-d
for various values of ‘a’ and ‘b’. The synthesized ceramics were cubic structured, phase pure,
having well developed morphology and desired composition as revealed by XRD and FESEM/
EDX characterization techniques. The electrical and dielectric properties of the prepared samples
were studied and various parameters like dielectric constant, loss factor, a c conductivity etc. were
determined. Furthermore, these properties enhance with gadolinium and thulium doping at strontium
and titanium sites respectively.
Keywords: Thulium, Strontium titanates, Perovskite, Gadolinium.
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, fuel cells are emerging as a
leading technology in the feld of power generation
owing to their better effciency and environment
friendliness. A fuel cell produces electric current
via electrochemical reaction using hydrogen,
oxygen as fuels and producing water as by
product. Out of various types of fuel cell used
nowadays, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are
preferred due to various limitations suffered by
counter fuel cells like requirement of pure fuel,
expensive catalyst, corrosive electrolyte, high
temperature requirement etc
1-2
.
Among various conventional materials
employed in fabrication of SOFCs i.e. Ni-Cu/YSZ
(nickel/copper–yttria stablized zirconia), rare earth
doped CeO
2
(ceria), perovskite structured oxides etc.
Lanthanum chromites, Strontium titanates etc.; both
in pure and derived forms, are leading candidates
in perovskite structured oxides
3-4
. The investigation
of electrical properties of strontium titanates doped
at ‘Sr’ and ‘Ti’ sites reveals the enhancement in the
ionic conductivity with doping
5-6
. The doped strontium
titanates have been widely employed in fabrication of
various components of SOFCs i.e. anode, cathode and
electrolytes. These oxides offers many advantages
over other materials like high stability in oxygen,
brief communication