Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online) Vol.10, No.9, 2020 23 Determinants of Internal-Migration in Ethiopia: Qualitative Review Andualem Kassegn Ebrahim Endris Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia Abstract Internal migration is a critical problem in Ethiopia. This review focused on determinants of internal migration in Ethiopia. Therefore, the objective of this review was to assess determinants of internal migration in Ethiopia. The review used secondary data sources from research articles and reports from different researchers and organizations who have written on the determinants of internal migration and related topic in Ethiopia and elsewhere. Depending on the reviewed document, the most significant determinants of internal migration in Ethiopia are encapsulating with household and individual demographic, socio-economic and structural and institutional factors. Besides, food insecurity, environmental degradation, lower agricultural productivity, demographic pressure, famine, unemployment, conflicts, drought, poor living conditions, inadequate social services, land shortages in rural areas were identified as the major push factors of internal migration in Ethiopia. Although “push” factors predominate, there are some significant “pull” factors that attract rural people to traffic urban areas such as better employment opportunities, higher incomes, better healthcare and education, urban facilities and way of life, security, and other urban amenities. So, further investigations should be conducted by governmental and non-governmental institutions to suggest possible solutions by focusing on the above aforementioned significant variables that affect internal migration in Ethiopia. Keywords: Internal migration, Determinants, push and pull factors, Ethiopia. DOI: 10.7176/DCS10-9-03 Publication date:September 30 th 2020 1. INTRODUCTION Migration whether national or international has become an important livelihood strategy among households in Ethiopia. This is because it provides migrant households with transfers that are uncorrelated with agricultural income (World Bank, 2006). Now a day, in total, about 258 million people are living outside their country of birth globally, with two-thirds living in G20 countries (IOM, 2018). Specifically, in Ethiopia, migration is becoming the tough and challenging problem of the country from time to time due to both push and pull factors. However, migration can have a positive result in improving livelihoods if exhaustive and comprehensive approaches and systems are set up. Internal migration streams inside Ethiopia are presently bigger than international migration flows from Ethiopia. The IDMC (2009b) guesses that there are as of now 300,000 Internally Displaced people groups (IDPs) in Ethiopia contrasted with around 60,000 refugees that as of now live in different nations (UNCHR, 2009). Aside from the IDPs, the essential internal migration flows are rural-urban migration and rural-rural migration. However, a similar report uncovered that a significantly higher number of migrants, around 740 million, are occupied with intra-relocation (moved inside their nations), primarily from rural to urban areas or from one rural area to another. This is mainly because the Ethiopian economy is predominantly depending on rain-fed agriculture and the country has experienced political instability, war, famine, economic hardship throughout its history and the economy. Internal migration flows in Ethiopia in the course of the most recent couple of decades have been driven by financial, climatic and political elements, including dry spell, political strife, constrained movements and destitution (Berhanu and White 2000; Comenetz and Caviedes, 2002). (Berhanu and White 2000; Comenetz and Caviedes, 2002). Consequently, migration is an enticing option for additional income, which is fundamental for interests in methods for production or even to sustain a current living, mainly for economic reasons. The results of some studies showed that intra-village conflict, absence of relief assistant, farmland size, access to information, livestock ownership, and family and individual qualities including family size, sex, and age of the transients are the prevailing determinant factors for internal migration. For women and girls, there is proof that early marriage and sexual maltreatment are drivers of migration (World Bank, 2010). Internal migration in Ethiopia happens as country urban relocation, rustic provincial movement, and resettlement strategies, which are largely generous in Ethiopia. Also, internal migration in Ethiopia has generally happened at marriage when the spouse moves to live in the husband's community. Among the types of internal migration rural-rural migration take the lion share in Ethiopia both in 1999 and 2007 national household surveys (CSA, 2007). The next highest is rural-urban migration which accounts for 24.8 and 32.5% of the overall migrants in the year 1999 and 2007, respectively. The rapid rate of urbanization is primarily caused by poor rural living conditions and persistent famine, forcing rural populations to migrate to cities in search of alternative livelihoods” (Van Dijk & Fransen, 2008). The burden of rural-urban migration is more severe and challenging in less brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals