Evaluation of Parking Reservation System with Auction Including Electricity Trading So Hashimoto, Ryo Kanamori, Takayuki Ito and Shantanu Chakraborty Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan E-mail: hashimoto@itolab.nitech.ac.jp, {kanamori.ryo, ito.takayuki, shantanu.chakraborty}@nitech.ac.jp Abstract—In this paper, some auction systems are applied to the parking reservation system which would exert an important role in the next generation traffic systems. As an introduction evaluation of the auction systems for the parking reservation, we compare the results in case of a simultaneous auction and sequential one, and examine the influences of the strategy. Although the limited numerical experiment under the assumption that the number of parking space is only three, time zone is three, and also the total number of bidders are 25, the following results are obtained; 1) electricity trading makes a profit to both the parking manager and users 2) the average of the parking revenues would be the highest when the reservation price is a little higher than the expect bidding price. Keywords-Electric Vehicle; Vehicle to Grid; auction; I. I NTRODUCTION In Smart Community concepts, Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G) is proposed to manage power by ability to store electricity of Electric Vehicles(EVs). V2G is plug-in Electric Drive Vehicles (EDVs) with power-management and other controls that allow them to respond to external commands sent by power-grid operators or their affiliates, when parked and plugged-in to the grid [7], [8]. Recently the number of EVs is increased and EVs are expected to represent close to 10% of all vehicle sales by 2020, according to a recent Gartner report [5] In Japan, the diffusion of EVs is expected to reach 20% by 2020 [6] Grid operators are concerned that increased demand by increasing EVs might result an increase in the peak load, which would require them to add additional power generation capacity to the grid [9], [10]. However V2G could reduce need for new investments. In this paper, we propose parking reservation system with auction including electricity trading and evaluate this system by simple simulation. We assume parking reservation system as combinatorial auction for a pay parking lot providing some parking spaces while some time zones[3]. II. RELATED WORK EVs are becoming popular however, if many of these vehicles are plugged in, and charged simultaneously, they risk overloading local electricity distribution networks[15]. Therefore, V2G is an important research topic and the mech- anisms to schedule the charging of EVs are investigated. V2G makes a profit to both the EV owners and the electricity grid operators. The EV owners are paid for the power services that they provide. The electricity grid, in turn, needs ancillary services for maintaining grid reliability, balancing the supply and demand and for supporting the transmission of electric power from the seller to the purchaser [13]. In [11], by using Demand-Side Management commands or pricing signals the grid operators might be able to delay, reduce or switch-off the rate of charging when the demand for electricity is high and push the EVs to charge during non- peak hours. In [2], the mechanisms that have the incentive compatibility and provide the theoretical worst-case bounds is investigated. Moreover, the infuluence of multi-speed EVs charging is described. In [20], coordination of distribution grid capacity for EV charging is modeled as a perishable asset revenue management problem. Moreover, a two-class reaservation scheme is determined and provides an efficient solution to the problem in simulation. Individual EVs control too little power to sell in the market at an individual level. Therefore EVs require form a coalition that controls enough power to meaningfully sell. Coalition formation has been applied to power transmission planning [12], [14] The system in [14] provides a cooperation plan and its associated cost allocation plan for the user to support its decision making process. Among several coalition formation and cost allocation criteria, they have selected the Bilateral Shapley Value as the theoretical foundation to develop the system. In [12], the coalition formation problem for EDVs is introduced and modeled. Then various coalition formation strategies are proposed and evaluated by simulation. In [1], Grid-Integrated Electric Vehicles(GIVs) are deployed as a multi-agent system in PJM. PJM is the largest Transmission System Operator in the world, servicing 13 states and 51 million cus- tomers in the northeastern and midwest United States. Previous research focused on scheduling the charging of EVs. However in this paper, the electricity stored by EVs use to discount parking fee. Then we evaluate this method by simulation. Online mechanism design is an important topic and several applications have been suggested for online mech- anisms. For example, the allocation of Wi-Fi bandwidth in [16], scheduling of jobs on a server in [17] and the reservation of display space in online advertising in [18]. Hajiaghayi et al. [19] study the problem of online scheduling