© Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2012 DOI: 10.1163/156851912X639932
Islamic Law and Society 19 (2012) 397-415 www.brill.com/ils
Islamic Law
and
Society
Leisure and Entertainment (malāhī) in Contemporary
Islamic Legal ought:
Music and the Audio-Visual Media
Muhammad Al-Atawneh
Abstract
e status of leisure and entertainment (hereafter: malāhī) is an age-old issue that
emerged during the very early stages of Islam and is still being debated today. Gen-
erations of Muslim scholars and jurists have attempted to identify and delineate the
permissible and the forbidden in this regard to accommodate the socio-cultural contexts
of their respective societies. is article examines contemporary Islamic discourse on
entertainment, particularly music and audio-visual media, e.g., television, Internet,
cinema and theater. How do contemporary Muslim scholars define and relate to
malāhī? What is the nature and characteristics of legitimate entertainment and leisure-
time activities from the Islamic religio-legal perspective? I suggest that modern-day
Muslim scholars, like their predecessors, never came to an agreement on the nature
and scope of malāhī. ese scholars merely acknowledge that different ethico-legal
boundaries are applied to malāhī in contemporary Muslim societies.
Keywords
Islam, leisure, music, entertainment, audio-visual media
After a hiatus of almost three decades (1977-2006), resulting from his
conversion to Islam, Yūsuf Islām, previously Cat Stevens, is back. Islām
explained that when he realized that his career as a rock star was incom-
patible with his new religious beliefs, his break from music was inevi-
table: “… I heard another kind of voice saying that this [singing] is a
dangerous business. You should be away from it, all the associations
Correspondence: Muhammad al-Atawneh, Department of Middle East Studies, Ben-Gurion
University of the Negev, P.O. Box 15110, Beer Sheva, 84120, Israel. Email: HYPERLINK
“mailto:alatawnh@bgu.ac.il” alatawnh@bgu.ac.il