Abstract
Patna, the capital city of Bihar, though boasts of rich
cultural heritage, is unfortunately also known as the
garbage city of the country. This paper is drawn from
by a study conducted to comprehend the current sit-
uation about waste production in Patna. We have fo-
cused on Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) which is
commercial as well as residential and is generated in
municipal notified areas. The study illustrates that
population growth, rapid urbanisation, and a more
sophisticated form of consumerism that detaches con-
ventional practices, are the major factors influencing
waste generation in Patna. We also look at the culture
of lumpenism and insensitive attitude of the commu-
nity towards the environment. It is our anticipation
that renewed focus of the local Municipal Council,
attention by the provincial governance, and commit-
ment by residents for clean and healthy locality can
stem the rot and turn the tide for good.
Key words: Consumption, globalisation, knowledge
processes, Municipal Solid Wastes, Patna, waste
production
Here and now
Production is a social enterprise. To produce, we get
into relationship with others in society. Production
is sustained with re-production. It perpetuates in-
equality or precipitates change. These processes de-
fine our time and space. In this paper we focus on
Patna, the capital city of the province of Bihar in
India, to comprehend the production of waste. The
idea for this paper came up when we picked up one
of the thread that defined this city.
After attesting to the rich historical heritage, Patna
presents itself as what the State High Court declared-
the ‘Garbage City’ of the country. Figure 1 shows a
street sign in Hindi welcoming people to the city of
Patna. The streets of Patna are strewn with garbage
(Figure 2 & 3) which is not only displeasing sight but
also have several environmental concerns. We analyse
the nature of the wastes, the reasons for waste produc-
tion, as well as the linkages of the local processes with
global imperatives.
This paper draws from fieldwork which was con-
ducted as part of the project on ‘Waste Management
1
An Analysis of Waste
Production in Patna
Papia Raj & Aditya Raj Indian Institute of Technology Patna (Bihar) India
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Figure 1. Welcome Message for Visitors
Source: Photo taken during fieldwork