Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ALP, alkaline phos- phatase; TP, bilirubin and total protein; HED, human equivalent dose; SGPT, glutamic pyruvic transaminase; SGOT, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminas Introduction Although there are many plant families in Pakistan including essential oil rich plants, but Rutaceae represented by 11 genera and 27 species, many of which have been naturalized here being cultivated and hybridized for edible, medicinal and ornamental purposes. Many genera especially wild plants with essential oils and commercially viable new hybrid still need to be analyzed thoroughly regarding their ethnopharmacological signifcance. Boenninghausenia albifora is a monotypic genus found in temperate Himalayas. Commonly found in the N. of Pakistan (Hazara and Murree Hills) at 200-3000m, growing in shady forest. The plant has an unpleasant smell and the roots have a spicy fragrance. Locally called “Pissu. Mar” or fea killer, its leaves when crushed emit a strong foetid smell and used as a fea powder. As a result of indiscriminate use of antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of infectious diseases, microorganisms have developed resistance to many antibiotics. 1 There is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs. One approach is to screen local medicinal plants, which represent a rich source of novel antimicrobial agents. Boenninghausenia albifora belonging to the family Rutaceae and is well known for its medicinal properties in traditional system of medicine. In ethnobotanical literature, the aerial as well as the root part has been described as an antiseptic while leaf part has been used to apply on cuts and wounds whereas root powder is being used as antiseptic. 2 Some-times its juice is also being given in vomiting and dysentery, while some workers also reported this plant to have fea repellent, 3 as well as calcium blocking activity. 4 The present study was carried out to investigate the chemical composition of its essential oils, antioxidant potential and the antimicrobial properties. As no previous records on these aspects of this plant could be found in the literature in Pakistan, the present study claims some useful results. Experimental Plant material was obtained from its natural habitat, identifed and authenticated by a botanist in Dr. Sultan herbarium, GC University, Lahore. The respective plant parts were separated and subjected to hydro-distillation for about four hours. The essential oils obtained thus were dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and stored in dark colored glass bottle at temperature of about 4°C. GC-MS analysis of essential oils GC-MS analyses were performed using a Shimadzu GCMS- QP2010A system in EI mode (70eV) equipped with an injector at 250°C and a DB-5MS column. Samples were injected at 250°C with a split ratio of 50/50. Injection volume was 1µl and electronic pressure programming was used to maintain a constant fow (0.67ml/min) of the helium as carrier gas. The oven temperature was programmed from 100°C (4min) to 250°C at a rate of 2°C/min and held at this temperature for 2min. The mass spectrometer was set to scan the mass range 40amu to 600amu with ion source temperature 200°C and interface temperature 250°C. Analyses were performed in triplicate with a blank run after every analysis. The resulting data was processed using Shimadzu Lab Solution GCMS Post-run Analysis software. The relative apparent percentage of each compound and of their classes was determined by area normalization method. Identifcation of MOJ Bioequiv Availab. 2017;4(1):211‒214 211 © 2017 Mehmood et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. In Vivo hepatoprotective and antidiabetic activities of essential oils from Boenninghausenia albifora (Hook.) reichb. ex heynkh, of Pakistan Volume 4 Issue 1 - 2017 Ferhat Mehmood, 1 Phool Shahzadi, 2 Zaheer- Ud-Din Khan, 1 Najma Arshad, 3 Muhammad Bilal, 4 Zahida Perveen, 5 Muhammad Rizwan 6 1 Department of Botany, GC University, Pakistan 2 Glass and Ceramics Research Center, Pakistan 3 Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Pakistan 4 Applied Chemistry Research Center, Pakistan 5 Department of Statistics and Computer Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan 6 Govt. College Township Lahore, Pakistan Correspondence: Phool Shahzadi, Glass and Ceramics Research Center, PCSIR, Labs. Complex Lahore, Pakistan, Email psk_a@yahoo.com Received: June 17, 2017 | Published: October 25, 2017 Abstract In the present work essential oils extracted from different parts of a medicinally important shrub, Boenninghausenia albiflora, were evaluated for their hepatoprotective effect and hypoglycaemic activity. GC/MS analysis indicated that monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, ketones, esters and alcohols dominated in all essential oils. The hepatoprotective potential of essential oils was studied in vivo in Wistar albino rats against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity. The hepatoprotective activity was determined on the basis of their effects on biomarkers like aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin and total protein (TP). All essential oils exhibited hepatoprotective activity in comparison with the standard drug. For antidiabetic activity two doses of essential oils i.e. 50 and 200μL/Kg body weight were introduced into alloxan induced diabetic rabbits. Although both doses were found effective to have hypoglycaemic effect but higher dose showed better control over diabetes, comparable to that of Glib (positive control). It can be concluded from the results that these essential oils can play significant role not only in the liver protection but also in management of diabetes. Keywords: boenninghausenia albiflora, essential oil, hepatoprotective activity, hypoglycaemic effect, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, alcohols MOJ Bioequivalence & Bioavailability Research Article Open Access