~ 126 ~ The Pharma Innovation Journal 2020; SP-9(9): 126-130 ISSN (E): 2277- 7695 ISSN (P): 2349-8242 NAAS Rating: 5.03 TPI 2020; SP-9(9): 126-130 © 2020 TPI www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 20-07-2020 Accepted: 26-08-2020 Dipanwita Das Department of Pathology, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India Sachin Kumthekar Chief Veterinary Pathologist; Diagnovet Pune; Ex Associate Professor SVM; St. Georges University, Greneda KGV Manikantha Department of Pathology, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India K Haripriya Achary Department of Pathology, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India Corresponding Author: Dipanwita Das Department of Pathology, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India Sticker tumour (Transmissible venereal tumour) in dog Dipanwita Das, Sachin Kumthekar, KGV Manikantha and K Haripriya Achary DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2020.v9.i9Sc.5188 Abstract Sticker tumor or Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT) is one of the important neoplasms of dogs. It is mainly prevalent in all dog breeds. TVT affects dogs of 2-5 years age group predominantly and both sexes get equally affected. Compromised immune system plays main role in acquiring and spreading of TVT. External genitalia are the prime site for this tumor; but occasional internal metastasis is also reported. It transmits mainly through coitus. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is the easiest and quite reliable way of diagnosing TVT cells. Wet fixation cytology smears and histopathology (H&E) are also useful methods. Since TVT cells resemble histiocytic types and considering cell lineage differences; proper differentiation of the tumor can be challenging. Molecular markers and other features like mitotic index and immune cells infiltration are used for proper differentiation; aggressiveness and immune response to the TVT. Recent DNA fragment technique helped to classify TVT into plasmacytic; lymphocytic and mix types. Vincristine chemotherapy is main treatment option for TVT along with surgical; radiological and immunotherapy methods. Keywords: Sticker cell, TVT, FNA cytology, plasmacytic, DNA fragmentation, vincristine, introduction Introduction The dog is a vital household pet. Sticker tumour or transmissible veneral tumor (TVT) is widespread among 2-5 years of age (Higgins, 1966) varying from 23-43% of the total tumors in dogs, TVT is the most numerous tumor in India. TVT being the most common canine tumor (Das and Das, 2000) [10] , is prevalent in all dog breeds of tropical and subtropical climate regions (Goldschmidt, 2002) [15] . Foxes, coyotes, and jackals, which are members of the Canine family, are also susceptible (Gruys, 2003) [30] . TVT is apparent equally in both male and female dogs, posing severe issues and concerns around the world. As immunologically compromised animals are prone to more severe conditions. The host immunologic response competence plays a crucial role in the expansion of such tumors. Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is popularly known as sticker tumor along with other names such as venereal granuloma, canine condyloma, transmissible lymphosarcoma, or infectious sarcoma (Goldschmidt, 2002) [15] . It is naturally occurring and horizontally transmitted highly contagious cancer (Murgia et al.., 2006) [31] transmitted during coitus, and it is explained as a benign reticuloendothelial tumor or round cell benign neoplasia of the dog (Goldschmidt, 2002) [15] . Primarily, small tumor lesion consequently progresses to a large, ulcerated, and contaminated mass (Das and Das, 2000) [10] with hemorrhagic discharge followed by offensive odour (Do Amaral et al., 2007) [12] limiting to the external genitalia mucous membranes of both sexes of any breeds. Occasionally, TVT localization can be seen in the uterus. In dog, the chromosome number is 78, with two acrocentric chromosomes. In TVT, there are morphology and numerical aberrations of the constituent cell's chromosomes with 58-59 chromosomes and 13-17 metacentric along with 42 acrocentric chromosomes. While growing larger, tumors bleed and become contaminated quickly. Young and sexually mature animals are more prone to TVT, as they are being relocated during coitus with intact viable cells passing through major histocompatibility complex (MHC) barriers within the same species (Mukaratirwa and Gruys, 2003) [30] . Between the stages of tumor progression, differences in cell types have been found (Higgins, 1966). In progressive tumors, growth has round cells with microvilli, while regressing tumors has transitional fusiform cells. TVTs can grow unpredictably slowly or become invasively malignant and metastasize (Moulton, 1978) [29] . Mucosal integrity loss favours transmission.