Applied Composite Materials 8: 371–384, 2001.
© 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.
371
Properties of Weft Knitted Composites Affected by
Preform Stretching
GORAN DEMBOSKI and GORDANA BOGOEVA-GACEVA
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University St. Cyril and Methodius, Rudjer Boskovic 16,
91000 Skopje, Macedonia
(Received 8 February 2000; accepted 22 August 2000)
Abstract. The influence of preform stretching on mechanical properties of weft knitted PP/glass
fibre composites was estimated. Stretching of Rib 1:1 weft knitted fabric was performed prior to
consolidation in a wale or course direction and biaxially. Preform stretching increased tensile and
bending strength of composite as a result of additional orientation of the reinforcing fibres in the
stretching direction. Stretching in a wale direction was shown to be most effective due to the spe-
cific inherent structure of Rib 1:1 fabric. The impact toughness of composites was not significantly
changed as a result of decreased preform elasticity in the direction of stretching.
Key words: glass fibre/polypropylene composites, weft knitted preforms, stretching, mechanical
properties.
1. Introduction
Application of textile structures from hybrid yarn as semifinished preforms has
successfully solved problems associated with high matrix viscosity and reduction
of processing steps in the production of thermoplastic composites [1–3]. Woven,
braided, nonwoven and warp knitted structures have been most used textile struc-
tures in composites application [4]. Weft knitted structures also initiated research
interest. There are many advantages that favor using of weft knitted preforms for
composite application such as: high productivity of weft knitted technology; easy
handling of the preform; convenient for application of deep drawing techniques;
high drapeability; possibility of forming double curved structures with no folds; po-
tentiality of minimizing waste by producing fully fashioned and integrally knitted
3-D forms [5–7].
However, weft knitted thermoplastic composites possess modest mechanical
properties due to a curved structure of reinforcing fibres [8]. A number of authors
have investigated the possibility of influencing weft knitted composites mechan-
ical properties by variation of textile structure. It was found that plain weft knit
structure with floating loops could increase the tensile properties of composites in
the course direction. Such a structure provided isotropy in composite properties and
the course-to-wale ratio in tensile strength was changed from 0.6 to 1.0 [9]. Several