~ 995 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2019; 8(2): 995-998 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2019; 8(2): 995-998 Received: 06-01-2019 Accepted: 10-02-2019 Anukampa Kadwalia Ph.D Scholar, Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India Bhoomika Ph.D Scholar, Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India Palvi Thakur Veterinary Officer, Veterinary Hospital Mandap, Department of Animal Husbandry, District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India Vivekanandhan R PhD Scholar, Division of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science & AH, Mannuthy, Kerala, India Sudhir Jaiswal Ph.D Scholar, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India Pankaj Kumar Patel Ph.D Scholar, Division of Veterinary Medicine, ICAR- IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India Bhawana Rani Ph.D Scholar, Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India Correspondence Anukampa Kadwalia Ph.D Scholar, Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, India Antimicrobial resistant: A glance on emergence, spread and combat Anukampa Kadwalia, Bhoomika, Palvi Thakur, Vivekanandhan R, Sudhir Jaiswal, Pankaj Kumar Patel and Bhawana Rani Abstract The discovery of antibiotic in middle of nineteenth century was revolutionized era for mankind suffering. Antibiotic was considered as magic bullet for untreatable infection after its use in therapeutic purpose. Lamentably, the use or rather the indiscriminate use of antibiotics has been accompanied by the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance. The antibiotic resistance in hospital settings has become a inevitable and even become major problem for treatable infection. Leading outcome of antibiotic resistance in public health are morbidity, mortality, substantial economic loss. Beside use of alternate therapy antibiotic resistance can be managed by many ways; proper hygienic policy, rational use of antibiotics in hospitals or antibiotic stewardship, public health awareness, globally collaborative action plan. Keywords: Antibiotic, indiscriminate, antibiotic resistance, public health Introduction The discovery of antibiotics, the ever time arsenal of modern medicine is considered to be one among the revolutionary discovery of last century. These wonder drugs have saved millions of lives, not only by treating infections but also by preventing bacterial infections among those individuals with weakened immune system such as those undergoing chemotherapeutic treatments against cancer or organ transplantation. Lamentably, the use or rather the indiscriminate use of antibiotics has been accompanied by the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, the use of antibiotics in the food animals as feed additives and growth promoters has significantly fueled the acclivity of antibiotic resistant pathogens (Van Boeckel et al., 2015) [25] . Though the antibiotics are primarily used for treating infections, bacteria in turn may develop mechanisms to counterattack the noxious effect of these antimicrobial agents as an adaptive strategy to survive by out-competing their microbial neighbors in the adjacent environment. This biological phenomenon rather, selection pressure imposed by the continuous exposure towards an array of antibiotics during its clinical application has led to the cumulative acquisition of resistant traits in major zoonotic pathogens resulting in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, which are practically impossible to treat (Medina and Pieper, 2016) [17] . The term multi-drug resistant (MDR) refers to a group of bacterium which carries several resistance genes, it is called informally, a superbug or super bacterium this fact is a core challenge for both the medical and animal health communities, since the use of antibiotics has formed the cornerstone of modern medicine for treating bacterial infections. WHO’s new Global Antimicrobial Surveillance System (GLASS) reveals widespread occurrence of antibiotic resistance among 5,00,000 people with suspected bacterial infections across 22 countries (WHO, 2018) [30] . The most commonly reported resistant bacteria were Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, followed by Salmonella spp (WHO, 2018) [30] . The emergence of resistance The management of microbial infections in ancient Egypt, Greece and China is well- documented. The modern era of antibiotics started with the discovery of penicillin by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928. Since then, antibiotics have transformed modern medicine and saved millions of lives. Antibiotics were first prescribed to treat and cure serious infections in the 1940s. Penicillin was evidently successful in controlling bacterial infections among World War II soldiers. However, shortly thereafter, penicillin resistance became a substantial clinical problem, so that, by 1950s, many of the advances of the prior decade were threatened. In response, new beta-lactam antibiotics were discovered, developed and restoring confidence. From the late 1960s, through the early 1980s, pharmaceutical industry introduced many new