Information and controlling system
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Copyright © 2022, Authors. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons CC BY license
POINT COORDINATION
MECHANISM BASED
MOBILE AD HOC NETWORK
INVESTIGATION AGAINST
JAMMERS
Shayma W. Nourildean
Corresponding author
Master of Engineering, Lecturer
Department of Computer Technical Engineering
University of Technology – Iraq
Alsinaa str., Baghdad, Iraq, 00964
E-mail: Shayma.w.nourildean@uotechnology.edu.iq
Sabbar I. Jasim
Master of Engineering, Lecturer
Department of Computer Technical Engineering
Dijlah University
Durah Masafi str., Baghdad, Iraq, 00964
May T. Abdulhadi
Master of Engineering, Assistant Lecturer
Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics
Almansour str., Baghdad, Iraq, 00964
Mustafa Musa Jaber
PhD, Lecturer
Institute of Informatics and Computing
in Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional
Jl. Ikram-Uniten, Selangor, Malaysia, 43000
Al-Farahidi University
Qetr Alnada str., Baghdad, Iraq, 10020
In this paper, a jamming attack (a kind of
Denial-of-Service attack) was investigated, which
interfered with the normal operation of a Mobile
Ad Hoc network, which is more vulnerable to
various attacks because of its self-configura-
tion, dynamic characteristics, therefore, jammers
would affect the network QoS parameters by
reducing the throughput and increasing the delay.
This problem is solved in this study by enabling
the Point Coordination Function, which is a media
access mechanism specified by the IEEE standard
in some selected MANET nodes (guard nodes) to
improve the deficiency of MANET’s performance.
The Riverbed modeler was utilized as a simulation
tool. In this study, six jammers with two different
transmission power values had been applied. In
a number of different simulation scenarios with
and without jammers, the estimated results sho-
wed that the jammers affected the network perfor-
mance by increasing the delay to 3.0658 sec and
decreasing the throughput to 120200.59 bits/sec.
After enabling the PCF mechanism in a number
of selected nodes, the results allowed the user to
solve the problem by improving the network defi-
ciency so that the throughput had been increased
to 137478.32 bits/sec and the delay had been
decreased to 0.7556 sec. It can be concluded that
PCF is a good improvement for different levels of
jammer transmission power such as 0.01 W and
0.001 W, and PCF also improved the network’s
delay and throughput when the number of PCF
enabled nodes had been increased to 10 nodes and
12 nodes, respectively. The improvement is also
increased. This study can be used in practice for
any ad hoc network when attacked by jammers
Keywords: MANET, Riverbed, point coor-
dination, routing protocols, jamming attacks,
delay, throughput
UDC 004
DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2022.265779
How to Cite: Nourildean, S. W., Jasim, S. I., Abdulhadi, M. T., Jaber, M. M. (2022). Point coordination mechanism based mo-
bile ad hoc network investigation against jammers. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 5 (9 (119)), 45–53.
doi: https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.265779
Received date 09.08.2022
Accepted date 12.10.2022
Published date 27.10.2022
1. Introduction
Wireless networks have recently become a major topic
in the wireless communications area. These networks can be
used in a variety of technological domains, including industry,
the military and personal area networks. In contrast to wired
networks, wireless networks such as Wi-Fi, satellite commu-
nication systems, and cellular phone networks do not require
established infrastructure. They consist of a collection of mo-
bile and wireless nodes that dynamically exchange data with-
out the use of infrastructure such as a base station or an access
point. A network node has two functions: it serves as a client
and vendor of data packets, as well as a router for data packets
sent to other nodes [1]. MANET nodes can join and exit the
network at any time. In the event that the source node is not
immediately accessible to the destination node, these nodes
can employ multi-hop communication. The collaboration of
intermediary nodes is required for node dependability. As
a result, MANET designs are vulnerable to a variety of as-
saults [2]. MANET manages a variety of sensitive data from
a variety of applications in a variety of industries, making it
more vulnerable to diverse attacks owing to its dynamic na-
ture. The nodes in the network are self-configuring, therefore,
they can travel from one location area to another freely with-
out the need for centralized management [3]. Therefore, the
studies that are devoted to improving MANET against jam-
mers utilizing PCF are scientifically relevant in the modern
times for the study or design of any ad hoc network because
the self-organized nature of MANET made it valnerable to
jammers, which cause network deficiency. So, the results of
these studies could improve the quality of service parameters
of the network performance.
2. Literature review and problem statement
In [4], the performance of mobile ad hoc networks under
jamming was studied. This project contains a high-mobility