International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2021, 12, 145-164
https://www.scirp.org/journal/ijcm
ISSN Online: 2158-2882
ISSN Print: 2158-284X
DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2021.124015 Apr. 21, 2021 145 International Journal of Clinical Medicine
Racial Differences Effects on Oral Health and
Periodontal Diseases Extent, Staging and
Grading among the Multi-Ethnic Expatriates in
Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed M. A. Abdullah Al-Abdaly
1*
, Sultan Mansour A. Alqahtani
2
,
Shaker Saleh M. Alosman
2
, Ghadah Ali Saad Alqahtani
2
1
Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
2
College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Background: Given the increase in the numbers of expatriates in Saudi Ara-
bia and the shortage of information about expatriates’ oral health and peri-
odontal disease severity and progression. Objectives: This study aimed to
evaluate the effects of the racial differences on oral health and periodontal
disease extent, staging, and grading among the multi-ethnic expatriates in the
Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional
study was carried out on 300 expatriates in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. They
were divided into three equal racial different groups (n = 100), Arabs (AR),
Asians (AS), and Africans (AF). The interviews of all participants were com-
pleted then the clinical examinations of periodontal diseases extent, staging,
and grading parameters were performed. Statistical analysis was done by
ANOVA test, Tukey’s test, and Chi-square test. The statistical significance
level was determined at p < 0.05. Results: There were statistically significant
differences in the comparison between the three ethnic/racial groups in clini-
cal parameters except in GBI, PCR, FI, TFO, and BC, where there were no
statistically significant differences in the comparison between the three eth-
nic/racial groups. There were differences associated with age, gender, smok-
ing, and diabetes, without statistically significant differences among the three
racial groups. Conclusion: We concluded that most participants in this study
had a generalized severe grade 4 plaque-induced gingivitis and localized pe-
riodontitis stage III grade B.
Keywords
Multi-Ethnics, Oral Health, Periodontal Diseases Extent, Staging and Grading
How to cite this paper: Al-Abdaly,
M.M.A.A., Alqahtani, S.M.A., Alosman,
S.S.M. and Alqahtani, G.A.S. (2021) Racial
Differences Effects on Oral Health and
Periodontal Diseases Extent, Staging and
Grading among the Multi-Ethnic Expa-
triates in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. In-
ternational Journal of Clinical Medicine,
12, 145-164.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2021.124015
Received: March 27, 2021
Accepted: April 18, 2021
Published: April 21, 2021
Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access