Jemds.com Original Research Article J. Evolution Med. Dent. Sci./eISSN- 2278-4802, pISSN- 2278-4748/ Vol. 6/ Issue 54/ July 06, 2017 Page 4052 AN OVERVIEW OF ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT (ATT) IN CAT I NEWLY DIAGNOSED CASES OF TUBERCULOSIS IN RNTCP Ratan Kumar 1 , Rajesh Kumar Ahirwar 2 , Lokendra Dave 3 , Nishant Srivastava 4 , Nawal Kapoor 5 , Pritesh Goutam 6 , Atul Kharate 7 , Shyam Krishna Vaish 8 1 Associate Professor, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, LN Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. 2 Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, LN Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. 3 Professor and HOD, Department of TB and Chest, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. 4 Associate Professor, Department of TB and Chest, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. 5 Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatrics, LN Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. 6 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, LN Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. 7 State Tuberculosis Officer, Madhya Pradesh. 8 Medical Officer/Junior Resident, Uttar Pradesh. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health problem and a major cause of death from a single infectious agent among adults in India and other developing countries. The aim of this study is to characterise effectiveness and outcome of antituberculosis treatment among newly diagnosed patients in RNTCP. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective descriptive study of a newly diagnosed TB patients of all age groups attending OPD of various departments of LN Medical College and JK Hospital, Bhopal, M. P. (India) between a period of January 2012 and September 2015. RESULTS A total of 360 patients were found eligible for this study, who were diagnosed and received ATT under DOTS in RNTCP. In different age groups percentage of patients observed were 14.72%, 65.28% and 20.00% in 0 - 14 years, 15 - 45 years and above 45 years respectively. CONCLUSION Maximum patients 65.28% (235) were registered in the age group of 15 – 45 years. Overall, treatment outcome were observed as follows- 86.39% treatment successful, 6.11% defaulted, 2.78% failed and 4.17% died. Higher percentage of treatment successful (98.11%) was observed in the age group of 0 - 14 years, whereas higher percentage of both defaulter (12.50%) and mortality (15.28%) with lower treatment successful rate (68.06%) were observed in the age group of above 45 years. Higher percentage of defaulter, failure and mortality were observed in males and PTB patients in comparison to females and EPTB. Overall, significant weight gain (92.60%) with treatment being successful (86.39%) were observed in this study. KEYWORDS ATT, Newly Diagnosed TB, DOTS, RNTCP. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Kumar R, Ahirwar RK, Dave L, et al. An overview of anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) in CAT I newly diagnosed cases of tuberculosis in RNTCP. J. Evolution Med. Dent. Sci. 2017;6(54):4052-4056, DOI: 10.14260/Jemds/2017/876 BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health problem and a major cause of death from a single infectious agent among adults in India and other developing countries. [1,2,3,4] The problem is further compounded by the emergence of HIV, DM and DR (Drug Resistance) TB. According to WHO 6.1 million TB cases were reported in 2013, out of which 5.7 million cases were newly diagnosed and another 0.4 million were already on treatment. [5] The burden of TB in India is the highest accounting for approximately one-fifth (21%) of the global incidence. [6] Financial or Other, Competing Interest: None. Submission 19-05-2017, Peer Review 23-06-2017, Acceptance 29-06-2017, Published 06-07-2017. Corresponding Author: Dr. Ratan Kumar, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, LN Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: ratan_vaish@yahoo.co.in DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2017/876 Every year 1.8 million new cases occur in India, out of which 0.8 million are infectious. [7] As per Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) 2011 in Madhya Pradesh, there were 90,764 cases registered for TB. [8] In India, National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTP) was launched in 1962. NTP was integrated and implemented through the general public health services. [9] NTP could not achieve the objective because of low priority, managerial weakness, over dependence on x-ray chest for diagnosis and inadequate funding. In order to overcome the shortcomings in the NTP, WHO and Government of India revised the programme jointly in 1992. WHO declared TB, a global health emergency in April 1993. [10] The Revised National Tuberculosis Programme (RNTCP) has been implemented in 1993, guided by WHO and supported by world bank. [11] A five-point strategy known as Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) was launched in India in a phased manner under RNTCP in 1997 with objective of cure rate not less than 85% of infectious TB cases and at least 70% detection of new cases through quality sputum microscopy. [12,13]