10 Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society Jahrami et al., J Bahrain Med Soc. 2018;30(2):10-16 Introduction The rates of premature mortality in patients with schizophrenia have reached an alarming level. 1, 2 Standardized mortality rate (SMR) reveals that schizophrenic patients are approximately four Abstract Background and objectives: Metabolic syndrome comprise of a few cardiovascular risk factors that increase morbidity and mortality. To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Bahraini schizophrenia patients. Methods: Using a case-control design, 50 patients with schizophrenia (cases) were compared to 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls for the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The workout included: anthropometric measurements, such as weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences, fasting blood glucose, lipid profle, blood pressure, and past medical history. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviations for continuous variables and frequency counts and proportions for categorical variables were used to summarize the demographic characteristics and the different variables of the metabolic syndrome. Odds ratio (OR) was computed to measure the levels of association between exposure (schizophrenia) and outcomes (metabolic syndrome). Results: Based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria, 48% cases had metabolic syndrome in comparison to 34% controls. A statistical difference was observed among the cases and controls with respect to three metabolic abnormalities i.e., central obesity (OR, 4.5; 95% confdence interval (CI), 1.6–13.1), raised triglyceride level (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 0.9–7.3), and reduced level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2–1.1). Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is extremely high among the Bahraini patients with schizophrenia. Clinicians are encouraged to monitor the physical health and physical components in patients with schizophrenia to detect metabolic syndrome and reverse it. Further, studies need to merit racial variability in metabolic syndrome among patients with schizophrenia due to the difference in the predisposing factors. Keywords: Syndrome X; schizophrenia; metabolic syndrome; insulin resistance syndrome Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Bahraini Patients with Schizophrenia ORIGINAL ARTICLE Haitham Ali Jahrami 1* , Mazen Khalil Ali 1, 2 1 Psychiatric Hospital, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 12, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain. 2 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain. *Corresponding author: Haitham Ali Jahrami, Psychiatric Hospital, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 12, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain; Tel: (+973) 17286634, Email: HJahrami@health.gov.bh Received date: April 06, 2018; Accepted date: May 29, 2018; Published date: September 03, 2018 times more likely to have premature deaths. 3 The magnitude of shortened life expectancy among patients with schizophrenia has reached to 20 years. Two-thirds of these deaths are due to physical health comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease. 4