transactions of the
american mathematical society
Volume 242, August 1978
SYSTEMS OF n PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
IN n UNKNOWN FUNCTIONS:
THE CONJECTURE OF M. JANET
BY
JOSEPH JOHNSON
Abstract. It was conjectured by Janet that an analytic solution to a system
of n "independent" analytic differential equations in n unknown functions if
not isolated must depend on at least one unknown function of m — 1
variables plus possibly other functions of fewer than m variables. Here m is
the dimension of the complex domain on which the equations and the
solution are given. An algebraic generalization of the linear form of the
conjecture is proven. Also the result is extended to give a nonlinear version.
The purpose of this note is to show that the conjecture of Maurice Janet
stated in [1] is a corollary of a result by Goodearl (Theorem 7 of [2]). That is
done in Theorem 1. In Theorem 2, a nonlinear generalization of Janet's
conjecture is proved. The reader who would like to know in advance the
original form of Janet's conjecture should read the corollary to Theorem 2
and the discussion that follows the corollary.
1. GoodearFs result. If A is a finite set and R a differential ring (possibly
noncommutative) with A as its fundamental set of (commuting) derivation
operators we will call R a A-ring. In fact generally we will write "A" where
formerly we would have written "differential." Let us write tyR for the ring
of linear A-operators with coefficients in R. We will think of the elements of
tyü as polynomials in A with coefficients in R written on the left. Naturally in
öD*, if 1 < i,j < m and a E R, 5,-5y = 0,5,- and 8¡a = S,(a) + aS¡.
For the reader's convenience, the following paraphrase of Goodearl's result
is given here. In its statement pd stands for "projective dimension."
Theorem (Goodearl). Let the A-ring R be semiprime and right and left
noetherian. If M is a nonzero right tf)R-module and finitely generated as a right
R-module then pdq, M = card A + pd^M.
Let m E N and fix a set A with m elements 8X,..., 8m. Let k be a
Received by the editors April 20, 1977.
AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970).Primary 12H05.
Key words and phrases. Differential algebra, differential ring, differential module, Kahler
differentials.
© American Mathematical Society 1978
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