Traditional versus Secular Values and
the Job–Life Satisfaction Relationship
Across Europe
Yannis Georgellis and Thomas Lange
1
Centre for Research in Employment, Skills and Society (CRESS), Kingston Business School, Kingston
University London, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT2 7LB, UK, and
1
School of Management, Curtin
Business School, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845
Corresponding author email: y.georgellis@kingston.ac.uk
Using data from the European Values Survey (EVS), we examine the relationship
between job and life satisfaction across Europe. We find that for the majority of employ-
ees job and life satisfaction are positively correlated, thus supporting the spillover
hypothesis, whereby attitudes and practices developed in the life domain spill over into
the work domain and vice versa. In contrast, we find little support for the compensation
hypothesis, whereby employees who are dissatisfied in one domain seek compensatory
rewards in the other domain. However, multivariate analysis reveals that the strength of
the interaction between job and life satisfaction is mitigated by cultural values and
interpersonal trust, as encapsulated in the ‘traditional versus secular values’ index
reported in the EVS data. We thus find that predictors of the job–life satisfaction
relationship vary across cultures and that such cross-cultural variations are systemati-
cally related to salient cultural values and beliefs. The latter findings raise important
questions about the universal application of existing theories in the subjective well-being
arena.
Introduction
The interplay between job and life satisfaction has
attracted considerable interest across a number of
disciplines, including sociology, economics, man-
agement and organizational psychology. Such
interest is driven by the quest for a better under-
standing of how individuals’ well-being is affected
by the interaction between their life and work
domains. Judge and Watanabe (1994) have pro-
posed a methodology to produce a systematic
taxonomy and a quantifiable measure of the
potential interaction between the two domains,
which is based on self-reported job and life satis-
faction scores. According to Judge and Watanabe
(1994), if job and life satisfaction are unrelated
then this is evidence of segmentation between the
work and life domains, in that job and life ex-
periences are separated and display little or no
related properties. Feelings and behaviour in one
domain are not affecting behaviour and produc-
tivity in the other domain (Gupta and Beehr,
1981; Lambert, 1990). If job and life satisfaction
are correlated, then this is evidence of spillover or
compensation effects between the two domains,
depending on whether such a correlation is posi-
tive or negative. The spillover hypothesis implies
that attitudes and practices developed in the life
domain can spill over into the work domain and
vice versa, as manifested by a positive correlation
between job and life satisfaction. Killing time
at work can become killing time in leisure or
apathy at work can lead to apathy in family life
(Wilensky, 1961). A negative correlation between
job and life satisfaction implies that compensation
effects are present in situations where workers
who are dissatisfied at work seek compensatory
rewards outside work by decreasing involvement
British Journal of Management, Vol. 23, 437–454 (2012)
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8551.2011.00753.x
© 2011 The Author(s)
British Journal of Management © 2011 British Academy of Management.. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd,
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