~ 1788 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2020; 8(3): 1788-1792 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 www.entomoljournal.com JEZS 2020; 8(3): 1788-1792 © 2020 JEZS Received: 13-03-2020 Accepted: 15-04-2020 AS Dudhat Asso. Professor, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Mota Bhandariya, Amreli, Gujarat, India VR Akabari Assi. Research Scientist, ARS, Junagadh Agricultural University, Amreli, Gujarat, India RS Parmar Assi. Professor, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Mota Bhandariya, Amreli, Gujarat, India AP Prajapati Assi. Professor, Deputy. Agri. Statistics, COA, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India SA Hariyani Assi. Professor, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Mota Bhandariya, Amreli, Gujarat, India Corresponding Author: AS Dudhat Asso. Professor, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Mota Bhandariya, Amreli, Gujarat, India Genetic diversity for yield attributes in sesame genotypes AS Dudhat, VR Akabari, RS Parmar, AP Prajapati and SA Hariyani Abstract The study was carried out to assess the genetic variability and association of traits with respect to seed yield and its components in sesame genotypes. Twenty sesame genotypes were grown in replicated trial using randomized block design during kharif 2018 at Agricultural Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Amreli. Observation of nine yield related traits have been recorded by using five plant averages. Principal Component analysis was used for this purpose. First three principal components (PC1, PC2 and PC3) having Eigen values greater than one accounted for 70.59 percent of total variability and each accounted for 29.72, 26.56 and 14.30 percent respectively. PC1 has positive association with days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of capsule per plant and days to maturity. PC2 has positive association with number of branches per plant, while PC3 has positive association with days to 50% flowering and number of branches per plant. The identified traits within these components exhibited great influence on the yield of the sesame genotypes and could effectively be used for the selection among them. Keywords: PCA, genetic diversity, correlation matrix, components score, factor loading Introduction Sesame is one of the most important and oldest oilseed crops of Gujarat state. Simply it is known as ‘Til’ in local language. It is grown extensively in Saurashtra region during kharif but now a days it is well preferred by the farmers for summer season due to fewer requirements of water and yield potential in dry and hot weather. Sesame is mainly grown for its oil which is generally used in cooking and also finds its use in the production of margarine, soaps, pharmaceuticals, paints and lubricants. The total global production of sesame seed is around 30 lakh tones annually. India’s annual average production hovers around 6,80,000 metric tones contributing to around 22 per cent of the world's total sesame production. The states of Gujarat, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Karnataka are the major sesame producing states. The major trading centre in India where sesame seed is traded is the Saurashtra region of Gujarat [3] . The extent and type of genetic variation present in the germplasm of a crop is an important component of efficient breeding programs, because it provides useful information for the broadening of breeding pools, the utilization of heterosis and the selection of parental lines. Principal component analysis is utilized to examine genetic variation and to estimate relative contribution of various traits for total variability i.e. It is used to estimate the variability in germplasm under study. Materials and Methods Amreli is located in Saurashtra region of Gujarat with 20.45 0 to 22.15 0 North Latitude and 70.13 0 to 71.45 0 East Longitude. It falls under the North Saurashtra Agro Climatic Zone of Gujarat. The experiment was conducted on Agricultural Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Amreli with twenty genotypes of sesame crop (Table 1) using Randomized Block Design with three replication during the Kharif season of 2018. Recommended package of practices had been followed to raise the crop. Data have been recorded with an average of 5 plants per replication per genotype. Data were recorded on 9 characters, viz., yield per plant (gram), number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, capsule length (centimeter), number of seeds per capsule, 1000-seed weight (gram), Plant height (centimeter), Days to 50 percent flowering and Days to maturity.